Geology Test Question Bank - mrs. villarreal\'s orange team science

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________

Geology 2014 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____

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1. A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains a. compounds. b. materials made by humans. c. parts of living things. d. no materials that were once part of living things. 2. The color of a mineral’s powder is called its a. streak. b. luster. c. density. d. hardness. 3. What is the hardest known mineral? a. talc b. quartz c. diamond d. gold 4. Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic type of a. cleavage. b. fracture. c. crystal. d. luster. 5. The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is a. quartz. b. talc. c. apatite. d. gypsum. 6. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior by a. measuring pressure differences at Earth’s surface. b. estimating temperature inside earth. c. directly looking under the many layers. d. recording and studying seismic waves. 7. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers? a. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle b. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust c. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core d. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle 8. Earth’s inner core is a. a dense ball of solid metal. b. a layer of molten metal. c. a layer of hot rock. d. a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin.

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9. When you touch a hot pot or pan, energy moves from the pot to your hand. This is called a. magnetic energy. b. indirect evidence. c. subduction. d. heat transfer. 10. The transfer of energy through empty space is called a. conduction. b. convection. c. radiation. d. subduction. 11. Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by a. convection currents. b. radiation. c. conduction. d. density. 12. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift, a. Earth’s surface is made up of seven major landmasses. b. the continents do not move. c. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking. d. the continents were once joined together in a single landmass. 13. What is Pangaea? a. the name of a German scientist b. the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago c. another name for continental drift d. the name of an ancient fossil 14. Which type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis? a. evidence from landforms b. evidence from fossils c. evidence from human remains d. evidence from climate 15. Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift because a. they were afraid of a new idea. b. Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago. c. Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis. d. Wegener could not identify a force that could move the continents. 16. What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge? a. satellites b. deep-sea diving c. submarines d. sonar 17. In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts a. along the edges of all the continents. b. along mid-ocean ridges. c. in deep-ocean trenches. d. at the north and south poles.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 18. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as a. convection. b. continental drift. c. subduction. d. conduction. ____ 19. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by a. conduction. b. earthquakes. c. convection currents in the mantle. d. Earth’s magnetic field. ____ 20. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of a. subduction. b. plate tectonics. c. deep-ocean trenches. d. sea-floor spreading. ____ 21. A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a a. transform boundary. b. divergent boundary. c. convergent boundary. d. rift valley. ____ 22. A rift valley forms at a a. convergent plate boundary b. divergent plate boundary. c. transform boundary. d. deep-ocean trench. ____ 23. Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth’s interior is made up of several a. continents. b. layers. c. ridges. d. trenches. ____ 24. Earth’s mantle is a. a layer of molten metal. b. a layer of hot rock. c. a dense ball of solid metal. d. a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin. ____ 25. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a a. mid-ocean ridge. b. deep-ocean trench. c. rift valley. d. mountain range. ____ 26. Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called a a. landform. b. continent. c. fossil. d. landmass.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 27. Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called a. sedimentary rock. b. metamorphic rock. c. igneous rock. d. coarse-grained rock. ____ 28. The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is a. compaction. b. cementation. c. deposition. d. erosion. ____ 29. Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into a. chemical rock. b. gemstones. c. metamorphic rock. d. sedimentary rock. ____ 30. A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called a. erosion. b. crystallization. c. the rock cycle. d. evaporation. ____ 31. Which of the following is NOT one of the possible stages in the rock cycle? a. volcanic activity b. erosion c. smelting d. melting ____ 32. Erosion on a mountain range that was pushed up as a result of two continental plates colliding will lead to the formation of a. igneous rock. b. metamorphic rock. c. magma. d. sedimentary rock. ____ 33. Generally, a rock is made up of a. large crystals. b. a mixture of minerals and other materials. c. small crystals. d. a compound of several elements. ____ 34. Holes drilled several kilometers into Earth’s crust provide direct evidence about Earth’s interior in the form of a. seismic waves. b. rock samples. c. liquid iron. d. volcanic eruption.

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____ 35. When the heat source is removed from a fluid, convection currents in the fluid will a. speed up. b. change direction. c. eventually stop. d. continue at the same rate forever. ____ 36. Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth’s a. continents. b. mantle. c. lithosphere. d. inner core. ____ 37. Mid-ocean ridges are a. found in all of Earth’s oceans. b. found only in the Pacific Ocean. c. located mostly along coastlines. d. long deep-ocean trenches. ____ 38. The place where two plates come together is known as a a. transform boundary. b. divergent boundary. c. convergent boundary. d. rift valley. ____ 39. Where does most metamorphic rock form? a. at the surface b. just below the surface c. in ocean waters d. deep underground ____ 40. The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from a. the heat of the mantle. b. the sun. c. movements in the crust. d. chemical rocks in the crust. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 41. A mineral with a hardness of 6 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of more than 6. _________________________ ____ 42. Minerals come from organic materials. _________________________ ____ 43. A mineral that does not split apart evenly has the property of fracture. _________________________ ____ 44. To study Earth’s interior, geologists often rely on indirect methods, such as evidence from fossils. _________________________ ____ 45. Pressure increases from Earth’s surface toward the center of Earth. _________________________ ____ 46. If subduction occurs faster than oceanic crust can be created, an ocean will expand. _________________________ ____ 47. Each major group of rocks follows only one pathway in the rock cycle. _________________________ 5

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 48. High pressure can change an igneous rock into a(n) sedimentary rock. _________________________ ____ 49. Plate movements drive the process of erosion by pushing rock back into the mantle, where it melts and becomes magma again. _________________________ ____ 50. The small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called cement. _________________________ Completion Complete each statement. 51. A mineral is always a(n) ____________________ because it has a definite volume and shape. 52. The splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called ____________________. 53. A gemstone that is cut and polished is a(n) ____________________. 54. One way to identify a mineral is to rub it against a piece of unglazed tile to observe its ____________________. 55. Lava at Earth’s surface or ____________________ below Earth’s surface cools and hardens to form mineral crystals. 56. ____________________ is a rock with a fine, dark texture that makes up the oceanic crust. 57. A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate at a(n) ____________________ boundary. 58. A series of processes known as the ____________________ slowly changes rocks from one kind to another kind. 59. In the rock cycle, melted rock from the ____________________ moves upward when oceanic plates move apart. 60. Dissolved minerals and particles of sediment stick together to form sedimentary rock in a process called ____________________. 61. The carrying away of rock fragments by water, wind, or ice is called ____________________, an important process in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

Short Answer Use the diagram to answer each question. Mohs Hardness Scale Mineral

Hardness

Talc

1

Gypsum

2

Calcite

3

Fluorite

4

Apatite

5

Feldspar

6

Quartz

7

Topaz

8

Corundum

9

Diamond

10

62. What would happen if you rubbed a piece of fluorite against a piece of feldspar? 63. Which minerals in the table will scratch quartz? 64. List the following minerals in order of decreasing hardness: apatite, calcite, corundum, feldspar, and talc.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

Use the diagram to answer each question.

65. Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the greatest? Use the diagram to answer each question.

66. Which type of plate boundary occurs at X?

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

67. Which type of plate boundary occurs at Y? Use the diagram to answer each question.

68. In the rock cycle, what forces could cause a metamorphic rock to become magma? 69. What step in the rock cycle creates the sediment from which sedimentary rock is formed? 70. In the rock cycle, what happens to magma and lava once they cool and harden? 71. Must sedimentary rock become metamorphic rock before it can become magma? Explain your answer. 72. Describe two pathways through the rock cycle in which igneous rock can become metamorphic rock. 73. Describe a pathway through the rock cycle in which magma becomes sedimentary rock. Essay 74. What is an advantage and a disadvantage to using color to identify a mineral? 9

Name: ________________________

ID: A

75. List the five characteristics a substance must have to be a mineral. Explain why coal and a glass marble are not minerals.

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ID: A

Geology 2014 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: OBJ: 2. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 3. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 4. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 5. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 6. ANS: OBJ: STA: 7. ANS: OBJ: STA: 8. ANS: OBJ: STA: 9. ANS: OBJ: STA: 10. ANS: OBJ: STA: 11. ANS: OBJ: STA: 12. ANS: OBJ: STA: 13. ANS: OBJ: STA: 14. ANS: OBJ: STA:

D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-115 F.4.1.1 Define a mineral. BLM: knowledge A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-117 F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.b knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-119 F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d comprehension B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-121 F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.a knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-118 F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d comprehension D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-8 F.1.1.1 Explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 BLM: comprehension C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-10 F.1.1.2 Identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2 BLM: comprehension A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-12 F.1.1.2 Identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.c BLM: knowledge D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-14 F.1.2.1 Explain how heat is transferred. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S5.C3.PO.4.a BLM: application C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-15 F.1.2.1 Explain how heat is transferred. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S5.C3.PO.4.c BLM: knowledge A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-16 F.1.2.2 Identify what causes convection currents. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S5.C3.PO.4.b BLM: knowledge D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-19 F.1.3.1 Explain Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c BLM: knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-19 F.1.3.1 Explain Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c BLM: comprehension C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-19 F.1.3.2 List the evidence used by Wegener to support his hypothesis. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 BLM: comprehension

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ID: A 15. ANS: OBJ: STA: 16. ANS: OBJ: STA: 17. ANS: OBJ: STA: 18. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 19. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 20. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 21. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 22. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 23. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 24. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 25. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 26. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 27. ANS: OBJ: STA:

D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-22 F.1.3.3 Explain why other scientists of Wegener’s day rejected his hypothesis. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c BLM: comprehension D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-24 F.1.4.1 List the evidence for sea-floor spreading. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S2.C1.PO.2 BLM: comprehension B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-25 F.1.4.1 List the evidence for sea-floor spreading. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.b BLM: knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-28 F.1.4.3 Describe the process of subduction. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.b BLM: knowledge knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-33 F.1.5.1 Explain the theory of plate tectonics. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.4 BLM: comprehension comprehension B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-33 F.1.5.1 Explain the theory of plate tectonics. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c knowledge NOT: knowledge A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-35 F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c knowledge NOT: knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-34 F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.5.c BLM: knowledge knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-8 F.1.1.1 Explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 BLM: knowledge knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-11 F.1.1.2 Identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.b BLM: knowledge knowledge D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-35 F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.5.a BLM: comprehension comprehension C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-20 F.1.3.2 List the evidence used by Wegener to support his hypothesis. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.4 BLM: knowledge knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-147 F.5.1.2 Identify and describe the three major groups of rocks. GR7.S6.C1.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: knowledge

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ID: A 28. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 29. ANS: OBJ: STA: 30. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 31. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 32. ANS: OBJ: STA: 33. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 34. ANS: OBJ: STA: 35. ANS: OBJ: STA: 36. ANS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 37. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 38. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 39. ANS: OBJ: STA: 40. ANS: OBJ: STA:

C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-153 F.5.3.1 Describe how sedimentary rocks form. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3 knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-160 F.5.5.1 Describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3 BLM: knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-164 F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2 knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-165 F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 comprehension D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-166 F.5.6.2 Explain the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3 BLM: application B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-145 F.5.1.1 List the characteristics used to identify rocks. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1 knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-8 F.1.1.1 Explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 BLM: knowledge C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-16 F.1.2.2 Identify what causes convection currents. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S5.C3.PO.4.b BLM: comprehension B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-17 F.1.2.3 Describe convection currents in Earth’s mantle. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR6.S5.C3.PO.4.b BLM: comprehension comprehension A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-24 F.1.4.1 List the evidence for sea-floor spreading. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c comprehension NOT: comprehension C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-35 F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c knowledge NOT: knowledge D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-147 F.5.1.2 Identify and describe the three major groups of rocks. GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: knowledge A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-160 F.5.5.1 Describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form. GR7.S6.C1.PO.2 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: comprehension

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ID: A

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 41. ANS: F, less PTS: OBJ: BLM: 42. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-118 | p. F-119 F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d application F, inorganic

PTS: BLM: 43. ANS: REF: BLM: 44. ANS:

1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-115 OBJ: F.4.1.1 Define a mineral. knowledge T PTS: 1 DIF: L2 p. F-121 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. comprehension F, seismic waves

PTS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 45. ANS: REF: STA: NOT: 46. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-7 F.1.1.1 Explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 BLM: comprehension comprehension T PTS: 1 DIF: L2 p. F-9 OBJ: F.1.1.1 Explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c BLM: comprehension comprehension F, shrink

PTS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 47. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-29 F.1.4.3 Describe the process of subduction. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.a comprehension F, many pathways

PTS: 1 DIF: STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 48. ANS: F, metamorphic PTS: OBJ: STA: 49. ANS:

L2

BLM: comprehension

REF: p. F-164 OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. BLM: comprehension

1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-160 F.5.5.1 Describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form. GR7.S6.C1.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: knowledge F, rock cycle

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-166 OBJ: F.5.6.2 Explain the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.3 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.4 BLM: comprehension

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ID: A 50. ANS: F, sediment PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-152 OBJ: F.5.3.1 Describe how sedimentary rocks form. BLM: comprehension

STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C1.PO.4

COMPLETION 51. ANS: solid PTS: 1 BLM: knowledge 52. ANS: cleavage

DIF:

L1

REF: p. F-115

OBJ: F.4.1.1 Define a mineral.

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-120 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. 53. ANS: gem

BLM: knowledge

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-131 OBJ: F.4.3.1 Describe how minerals are used. 54. ANS: streak

BLM: knowledge

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-117 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. 55. ANS: magma

BLM: knowledge

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-125 OBJ: F.4.2.1 Explain how minerals form from magma and lava. BLM: knowledge 56. ANS: basalt Basalt PTS: OBJ: STA: NOT: 57. ANS:

1 DIF: L1 REF: p. F-10 F.1.1.2 Identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.a BLM: knowledge knowledge convergent

PTS: OBJ: BLM: 58. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-35 F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c comprehension NOT: comprehension rock cycle

PTS: 1 DIF: STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1

L1

REF: p. F-164 BLM: knowledge

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OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle.

ID: A 59. ANS: mantle PTS: OBJ: STA: 60. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-166 F.5.6.2 Explain the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle. GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C1.PO.3 BLM: comprehension cementation

PTS: OBJ: BLM: 61. ANS:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-153 F.5.3.1 Describe how sedimentary rocks form. comprehension erosion

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-153 OBJ: F.5.3.1 Describe how sedimentary rocks form. BLM: comprehension

STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C1.PO.4

STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3

SHORT ANSWER 62. ANS: The fluorite would be scratched but the feldspar would not be scratched. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-118 | p. F-119 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d BLM: application 63. ANS: topaz, corundum, and diamond PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-118 | p. F-119 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d BLM: analysis 64. ANS: corundum, feldspar, apatite, calcite, talc PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-118 | p. F-119 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d BLM: analysis 65. ANS: the inner core PTS: OBJ: STA: NOT:

1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-12 F.1.1.2 Identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.2.c BLM: application application

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ID: A 66. ANS: divergent PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-34 OBJ: F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. BLM: application NOT: application 67. ANS: convergent

STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-35 OBJ: F.1.5.2 Describe the three types of plate boundaries. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.3.c BLM: application NOT: application 68. ANS: A metamorphic rock could become magma as a result of a collision involving an ocean plate. During subduction, any rock carried on the plate would return to the mantle and melt, forming magma. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-166 OBJ: F.5.6.2 Explain the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: analysis 69. ANS: Erosion of igneous and metamorphic (as well as other sedimentary rocks) provides some of the sediment from which sedimentary rocks form. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-164 | p. F-165 OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: analysis 70. ANS: Magma and lava form igneous rock once they cool and harden. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-164 | p. F-165 OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: analysis 71. ANS: No. Sedimentary rock can be subducted and melt to become magma without ever becoming metamorphic rock. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-166 OBJ: F.5.6.2 Explain the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle. STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2 BLM: analysis 72. ANS: Igneous rock can undergo high temperature and pressure and turn into metamorphic rock. Or, igneous rock can undergo erosion to form sediments that get compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock. Then the sedimentary rock can undergo high temperature and pressure to become metamorphic rock. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. BLM: application

REF: p. F-164 | p. F-165 STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2

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ID: A 73. ANS: Magma could cool and harden to become igneous rock, which could erode to become sediment. The sediment, through compaction and cementation, could become sedimentary rock. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 OBJ: F.5.6.1 Describe the rock cycle. BLM: analysis

REF: p. F-164 | p. F-165 STA: GR7.S6.C2.PO.1 | GR7.S6.C2.PO.2

ESSAY 74. ANS: The color of a mineral is an easily observed property. However, many minerals occur in a variety of colors, so few minerals can be identified based only on their color. PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. F-116 OBJ: F.4.1.2 Explain how minerals are identified. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.b BLM: synthesis 75. ANS: A mineral must occur naturally, be inorganic, be a solid, have a crystal structure, and have a definite chemical composition. Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants and therefore is not inorganic. Glass is a human-made material, so it does not occur naturally. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. F-114 OBJ: F.4.1.1 Define a mineral. STA: GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.a | GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.b | GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.c | GR7.S6.C1.PO.1.d BLM: analysis

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