GROUP SUCCESS

‘There is no ‘I’ in team……. But there is a ‘me’ if you look hard enough’

GROUP SUCCESS p.187 – 200 AQA A2

AQA A Level Physical Education A 6581

Groups and Teams

GROUPS A GROUP IS • two or more people • interacting with one another • so that each person influences and is influenced by the others • has a collective identity • and a sense of shared purpose • • •

a social aggregate involving mutual awareness and potential interaction with structured patterns of communication

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examples : – crowd at a soccer match – soccer team – parents watching their children swim

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A2 Module 4G.2

AQA A Level Physical Education A 6581

Groups and Teams

SUCCESSFUL GROUPS / TEAMS SUCCESSFUL GROUPS • have a strong collective identity • members have an opportunity to socialise • have members who share goals and ambitions • and share ownership of ideas • have members who are able to communicate effectively (on the same wavelength) • • • •

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have strong cohesion (see later slides) have members who value relationships within the group have a successful coach or leader (see later slides) who ensures that members’ contributions to the group are valued

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A2 Module 4G.3

AQA A Level Physical Education A 6581

Groups and Teams

STEINER’S MODEL OF A GROUP / TEAM • •

team success = potential for success - coordination and motivation problems actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes

POTENTIAL FOR SUCCESS • usually skilful individuals make the best team • usually individual success (of team members) correlates with overall team success COORDINATION PROBLEMS (for players) • occur if there should be a high level of interaction between players • but one (or more) player is being selfish or aggressive • if a defence is not working together • hence overall team performance suffers MOTIVATION PROBLEMS • people seem to work less hard in a group than they do on their own • example : in rowing, times of winning double sculls are often only slightly faster than single sculls • this is social loafing ‘the Ringlemann Effect’ MOTIVATIONAL LOSSES • individuals may not share the same motives, this leads to loss of group cohesion • example : some players may play a game for social reasons, others in order to win Previous

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A2 Module 4G.4

AQA A Level Physical Education A 6581

Groups and Teams

SOCIAL LOAFING, INTERACTION AND COHESION SOCIAL LOAFING • individuals reduce their effort when in a group • and can hide their lack of effort amongst the effort of other group members • can be eliminated if the contribution of an individual can be identified • as with player statistics (American Football, Rugby League, Cricket, Basketball) • the need for interaction between players varies between sports • cooperation between players can be significant in eliminating social loafing COHESION • selection of less skilled but more cooperative players • the extent to which members of a group exhibit a desire to achieve common goals and group identity • friendship groups can have negative effects • cohesion has both task and social elements TASK COHESION • people who are willing to work together whether or not they get on personally • have the potential to be successful SOCIAL COHESION • teams with high social cohesion but low task cohesion are less successful Previous

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A2 Module 4G.5

Groups and Teams

COHESION

AQA A Level Physical Education A 6581

CARRON’s MODEL • four factors affect the development of cohesion ENVIRONMENTAL environmental • factors binding members to a team factors – contracts, location, age, eligibility • avoid star system, provide opportunities for socialising PERSONAL • factors which members believe are important – motives for taking part • give opportunities for motives to be realised • develop ownership feelings and social groupings within the team LEADERSHIP • the behaviour of leaders and coaches – coaches should use all leadership behaviours to influence different individuals

personal factors

COHESION

leadership factors

team factors

TEAM • factors relating to the group – team identity, targets, member ability and role • creation of team short and long-term goals • rewarding of individual and team efforts Previous

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A2 Module 4G.6