History of American Broadcasting

Audio Video Production

History of American Broadcasting

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

1

Broadcasting: A Young Media In Pittsburgh PA

1700’s

1837

1876

1920

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

1948

2

Television Development 1920’s

1926

1928

• Many companies experimenting with and developing TV.

• Philo T. Farnsworth (American) experimented with electronic TV— stream of electrons. • Vladimir Zworykin develop/refines iconoscope tube.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

3

Television Development

1928

1st TV Drama broadcast

1931

Regularly scheduled TV begins

1935

Electronic TV is demonstrated to the press

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

4

Television Development 1936 Germany: televises Olympics. Britain: few hours of regular programming a day.

1939 The TV is presented at the New York World’s Fair.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

5

Television Development

1941

1942

1945

FCC authorizes TV broadcast.

15 hours of programming each week.

150 applications for TV stations

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

6

Color Television 19321945

• Experimentation with color during WWII

1946

• Non-compatible mechanical color system is presented.

1947

• FCC refuses color request.

1948

• 50 TV stations on air, 124 authorized. • FCC establishes a four year freeze on new TV licenses.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

7

Color Television 1950 • Korean War slows color TV progress. • FCC announces mechanical color system. • Negative response from stations and the public.

1951 • National Television System Committee (NTSC) explores color.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

8

Cable Television 1950

• Community Antenna Television

1952

• Coaxial cable is installed in large cities, reducing ghosting.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

9

Color Television 1952

1953

FCC lifts TV freeze

FCC approves NTSC compatible electronic color system

FCC approves UHF Old TV’s don’t get UHF Ruling: all new TV’s must have both VHF and UHF

Korean War ends

10 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Video Recorders 1956

Videotaping is demonstrated

1963

A home VTR costs $995

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

11

Television 1950’s 1952

1960 1960’s

Live dramatic series.

Rampant growth in TV, from 108 in ‘52…

…to 522 stations. 90% of homes have TVs.

Large variety of TV programs.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

12

Television 1966 • All 3 networks have color.

1967 • Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 authorizes the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

13

Television 1980

1% of homes have VCRs.

Camcorder is sold to consumers

1984

Stereo AM & TV.

FCC begins deregulation.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

14

Cable Television 1972

• FCC ends ban on cable TV in large cities. • Beginning of “Pay TV” for cable.

1977

• Two-way cable in Columbus, Ohio.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

15

Cable Television 1980

1981

1987

1998

• Cable news stations begin • Music videos on cable • 50% of homes with TV have cable • Digital compression used in cable

• More than 30% (around 22.9 million) of U.S. cable receive digital cable service 2004

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

16

Digital Television 1997 • DVD introduced. • FCC rules: all U.S. SDTV stations must be DTV by 2006, now 2009. 1999 • Stations begin broadcasting Digital TV and wide screen HDTV.

2004 • More than 1000 US TV stations broadcast digital signal. • 3 million HDTV sets in homes. • All manufactured sets 36” and larger must have a digital tuner.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

17

Digital Television

2006

2009

1000+ U.S. digital TV stations on the air.

Broadcast TV in U.S. goes all digital.

Consumers buy HDTV sets in significant numbers.

Most analog TV transmitters shut down.

2010 3-D TV sets go on sale in U.S.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

18

What about the future?

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

19