How to use a Signal Phrase!!!

…..because everyone deserves credit for their stuff!!

This above all else – GOOGLE it.

 Be sure to introduce the first and last name of

the author and if necessary for your content, specify their title or area of expertise; identify the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence (7).  for example

 Ex: Mark Jones, Educational Editor for the Erie

Times News, contends that the research teachers at East High School are the finest in the world (D5).

Take out some scrap paper and create an entry for a sentence outline with a signal phrase.

Phamtatorship p.17 Paraphrase MEDIA INFLUENCES The amount of time a teen spends watching television effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them. Statistic prove that 60% of teens spend 40 hours or more a week watching television. Working Bibliography

Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008. Print. Doan, William. Media’s Influences. New York: Putnum, 2005.Print

Dr. Alex Crane, author of “TV is too Much for Teens,” asserts that the amount of time a teen spends watching television effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them (17).

 Once a source has been introduced, it is not

necessary to use the author’s full name or title again; simply use the author’s last name and the page number.

 Ex: Jones goes on to note that the students in the

summer programs are also among the hardest working in the school (D5).

 Your writing will grow repetitive if all of your signal

phrases are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Add variety to your sentences by placing your signal phrases in middle (embedded) or at the end of your sentence.

 Embedded: Attending class in the summer, Jones

explains, allows for more flexibility in the student’s fall schedule (D6).

 End: Attending class in the summer allows for more

flexibility in the student’s fall schedule, explains Jones (D6).

 An article can not “tell” or “say”  Instead an article:  Informs  Clarifies  Describes  Outlines  Etc. – what are your suggestions?

(Refer to the handout I gave you)

Don’t forget to try a “sweet” new verb.

Phamtatorship p.17 Paraphrase MEDIA INFLUENCES The amount of time a teen spends watching television effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them. Statistic prove that 60% of teens spend 40 hours or more a week watching television. Working Bibliography

Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008. Print. Doan, William. Media’s Influences. New York: Putnum, 2005.Print

Crane explains that the amount of time a teen

spends watching television effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them (17). Or The amount of time a teen spends watching television effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them, argues Crane (17). Or The amount of time a teen spends watching television, insists Crane, effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on them (17).

 First Signal Phrase: Williams and Dolan,

professors at Ohio State University declares, “Taking a class in research from Mrs. Priestap is awesome.”  Second Signal Phrase: Williams and Dolan go on to say, “concentrated learning promotes mastery.” For variety: “Concentrated learning promotes mastery,” states William and Dolan “Concentrated learning always takes place” (Williams and Doan).

You may also place your second signal phrase in parenthesis at the end of the paraphrase. This works best when an author is not available and the article title is cited.

 The article entitled, “Claiming to Know the

Truth” describes the amount of cheating in high schools (32).  Place an abbreviated article title in parenthesis followed by the page number.  Ex: Students think internet plagiarism is

their right because it’s on the web (“Claiming to Know” 44).

Create a first signal phrase for an article title using the following information. OR Create a second signal phrase. You choose.

“Magazine Mayhem“ WEB Quotation MEDIA INFLUENCES “Models are forced to achieve an unhealthy body weight in order to keep their jobs. In the year 2009, twenty magazine models died due to eating related diseases.”

Working Bibliography

Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008. Print. “Magazine Mayhem Create Dangerous Images.” Postmodern Culture 11.2 22 Jan. 2005. Web. 24 May 2009.

The article “Magazine Mayhem Create Dangerous Images,” reports that “………In the year 2009,

twenty magazine models died due to eating related diseases.”

“……In the year 2009, twenty magazine models died

due to eating related diseases” (“Magazine Mayhem”).

 If your on-line article came from an adobe

document that displays the article in original print form, you may use the page number.

 Williams and Dolan state, “Taking a class in

research from Mrs. Priestap is awesome!” (356).

 Check out the ending punctuation…..when a quote ends with a question

mark or exclamation point, use that punctuation in the quote, place the pg. number and add a period after the parenthesis.

For More Examples: Search the Internet !

 Choose your first note card from your

first topic  Always begin your entry with the citation information and then write your note.  Make it short and sweet…use your underlined main idea.  If you have a page number…….use it (32).