Human Health and Physiology Digestion, Student

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b20VRR9C37Q

Figure 1. Structure of Villus

Amylase

Protease

Lipase

Example of this Enzyme

Salivary Amylase

Pepsin

Pancreatic Lipase

Source

Salivary Glands

Wall of Stomach

Pancreas

Substrate

Starch

Proteins and peptides

Triglycerides And phospholipids

Maltose

Small Polypeptides

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

7

1.5

7

Products Products Optimum pH Optimum pH

pancreas secretes lumen of the small intestine.

Figure 2. Intestinal Structure

Figure 3. Arrangement of cells and ducts in a part of the pancreas that secretes digestive enzymes

Figure 4. The Human Digestive System

Structure

Function

Mouth

Voluntary Control of Eating . Mechanical digestion of food by chewing and mixing with saliva, which contains lubricants and enzymes that start starch digestion.

Esophagus

Movement of food by peristalsis from the mouth to the stomach

Stomach

Churning and mixing with the secreted water and acid which kills foreign bacteria and other pathogens in food, plus initial stages of protein digestion.

Small Intestine

Final stages of digestion of lipids carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, neutralizing stomach acid, plus absorption of nutrients.

Pancreas

Secretion of lipase, amylase and protease

Liver

Secretion of surfactant in bile to break up lipid droplets

Gall Bladder

Storage and regulate release of bile

Large Intestine

Reabsorption of water, further digestion carbs by symbiotic bacteria , plus formation and storage of feces.

https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=Wu2iJseYlOQ

Figure 5. Peristalsis movement from esophagus to small intestines

Figure 6. Detail structure of the small intestine

Figure 7. Structure of the an intestinal villus

Figure 8. Scanning electron micrograph of villi in small intestine

Figure 9. Example of methods of absorption in the small intestine

Figure 10. Lipid Absorption

Figure 11. Glucose Absorption

• Tapeworms sometimes infect humans, anchoring themselves to the wall of the small intestines. Based on how digestion is compartmentalized along the mammalian alimentary canal, what digestive functions would you expect these parasites to have? • A single sandwich is likely to contain carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. From a biochemical viewpoint, what will happen to each molecule of digestion? • You ingest glucose molecule in the starch of a breakfast cereal. State as many specific locations as you can for this single glucose molecule from the time it is in your mouth to the time it enters a muscle cell of your right forearm. • Lastly, Using materials you provide from home, create a labeled model of all digestive system structures beginning with the mouth and ending with the anus. Focus on the materials used to demonstrate the physical structure of each organ or tissue. Be sure to include the accessory organs too! (Rubric on next slide)

CATEGORY

4=A

Assignment #1: Diagram or model Digestion Diagram has all of the following: structures present materials are creatively linked to the original structure -final product is neat and well organized shows thought and a clear understanding of the digestive process (score x6)

3=B Diagram or model has 3 of the following: structures present materials are creatively linked to the original structure -final product is neat and well organized shows thought and a clear understanding of the digestive process (score x6)

2=C

1= D

Diagram or model Diagram or model has 2 of the has 1 of the following: following: structures present structures present -materials are materials are creatively linked to creatively linked to the original the original structure -final structure -final product is neat product is neat and and well organized well organized - shows thought shows thought and and a clear a clear understanding of understanding of the digestive the digestive process (score x6) process (score x6)

Problems with the Digestive System • Choose a specific problem with the digestive system from the list below. Create an interactive poster on Glogster – (http://edu.glogster.com/) designed to educate patients with that disorder to be given to the school nurse to share with other students. Information that must be included in your Glog: • Describe the Problem • Causes • Symptoms • Treatments • Those affected (if applicable) • Questions with answers to age appropriate questions concerning this disorder • Age appropriate diagrams and videos that help explain this disorder (at least one of each) Choices of Digestive Disorders: • Anorexia, Alactasia (lactose intolerance), achalasia, Anal fistula, Appendicitis, Bulimia, Diverticulitis, gastric ulcer, Celiac disease, constipation, diarrhea, Cholelithiasis (gall stones),Esophageal reflux, Hiatal hernia, gastritis, ileus, colorectal cancer, hepatitis, cholecystitis, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), pancreatitis, Crohn’s disease, volvulus, or an approved digestive problem of your choice. (Rubric on next slide)

CATEGORY Assignment #2: Problems with the Digestive System

4=A

3=B

-Source information is -Source information clear for all content - collected for all Makes excellent use of content with few font, color, graphics, errors -Makes effects, etc. to excellent use of font, enhance Glog -Covers color, graphics, topic in depth with effects, etc. to details and examples - enhance Glog -Covers Subject knowledge is topic and subject area excellent -Met all knowledge appears to requirements and be good -All exceeded -Excellent requirements are met Spelling and Grammar -Few spelling and (score x7) grammatical errors (score x7)

2=C

1= D

-Source information -Very little or no collected for all information collected content with some for all content with errors -Makes use of many errors -Makes font, color, graphics, use of font, color, effects, etc. but some graphics, effects, etc. distract from Glog but some distract from content -Covers topic Glog content -Covers and subject area with topic and subject area a few errors -One or with a few errors -Two two requirements are or more requirements not met -Few spelling are not met -Multiple and grammatical spelling and grammar errors (score x7) errors (score x7)

Assignment #3: A Day in the Life • Using the digestive disorder studied in Assignment #2, write a one-page diary entry, in first person, reflecting on what it would be like to have this disorder. How does this disorder affect daily life? How does it affect what is eaten? What is done to overcome the symptoms of this disorder? How does it affect your interaction with others? How does it affect your overall mood and behavior? • The diary entry must be submitted in Microsoft Word using 1 inch margins, 12 point, Times New Romans Font, double spaced, and heading the paper with the title and your name. Use spell and grammar check before submitting. (Rubric on next slide)

CATEGORY

4=A

Assignment #3: Narrative has all A Day in the Life requirements- Diary Entry Creative Focused on assignment story -Clear organization Excellent Spelling and Grammar (score x5)

3=B

2=C

1= D

Narrative is Narrative is Narrative is missing one missing some missing requirementsrequirements - requirements Creative Lacks creativity - Lacks creativity Assignment story Assignment Assignment story is apparent story is missing lacks empathy Good connection to Lacks organization person -Lacks organization One or two organization - multiple spelling spelling and Many spelling and grammar grammar errors and grammar errors (score x5) (score x5) errors (score x5)

That’s All Folks !!!