I- vs. *in - WordPress.com

POKUS SA OBHETO at POKUS SA TAGATANGGAP MGA PANDIWA (Object Focus Verbs: The Direct object is the subject of the Sentence; Benefactive Focus Verbs: The subject benefits)

Idinudugtong ang i- o -in- sa isang salitangugat para sabihin kung anong ginagawa ng aktor sa isang bagay i.e. ang paksa (add I- or –in to the root word to focus on the object of the sentence, i.e. the subject)

May mga salitang-ugat na pandiwa na puwedeng dugtungan ng i- at –in at iisa pa rin ang ibig nitong sabihin.  Halimbawa (Example):

 Pandiwa: tanong -> itanong -> tanungin

Pangungusap: Itanong mo kay Tita kung paano mapapabuti ang iyong pagsusulat. Pangungusap: Tanungin mo kay Tita kung paano mapapabuti ang iyong pagsusulat.

Sa ibang mga salitang-ugat kapag idinugtong ang i- o –in- hindi magkapareho ang ibig sabihin      

Halimbawa: Salitang-ugat: bili Ibili – to buy something for someone (Benefactive) Ibinili- bought something for someone Ibinibili- is buying something for someone Ibibili- will buy something for someone (Indicative-Benefactive ang mode o panagano ng pandiwa)

Transitive Verbs v.t.  Both I- and -In verbs can be Object Focus, that is the

receiver of the action of the verb is the subject of the sentence.  However, there are I- verbs that are Benefactive Focus which means the subject of the sentence or focus of the verb 'benefits' from the action. Examples of Benefactive Focus verbs are the following: ibili (to buy), ihanap (to find something), ihiram (to borrow), ikain (to eat for someone), ikuha (to get), isulat (to write), ihiwa (to slice something for someone) [in general: from -um-/mag- verbs same meaning]

Bili (Indicative Object Focus)  Salitang-ugat: bili  Pawatas- bilhin (iregular)- to buy something

 Perpektibo: binili- bought something  Imperpektibo: binibili- is buying something  Kontemplatibo: bibilhin/ bibilin

I- verb: OF vs BF Ibili/Iluto

Ingles

Bilhin/Lutuin

Ingles

Ibili mo ako.

Buy me (something)

Bilhin mo ako.

Buy me

Iluto mo ako.

Cook me.

Lutuin mo ako.

Cook me.

Common errors: -IN- verbs Salitang-ugat (RW)

✖ –in verbs

✔ I- verbs

Balita - news

balitain

Ibalita- to relay or give news of

Hulog- drop; fall

hulugin

Ihulog- to drop, deposit

Tanim- plant

tanimin

Itanim- to plant

Punas- wipe

punasin

Ipunas- to wipe

Turo- point; teach

turuin

Ituro- to point/ to teach

Tapon- throw

tapunin

Itapon- to throw

Balik- return

balikin

Ibalik- to return

Bukas/sara- open/close

bukasin/sarhin

Ibukas/ isara- to open/to close

Gamitin ang mga pandiwa at gumawa ng pangungusap. (Word Order: VA [ang]N)  Itangi +NG aktor (to make someone special)  Imulat

(to open the eyes/mind)  Idalangin ... sa… (to pray for someone to God)  Isigaw (to yell, shout)  Iuntog (to bang the [head])  Salubungin (to meet someone)  Gisingin (to wake up someone)  Ubusin (to finish/consume something)  Ayusin (to fix)

I- Pokus sa Obheto vs. Tagatanggap (sa pangkalahatan [in general]) Obheto (galing sa mag- na pandiwa) ANG (the thing which is the subject)

Tagatanggap (galing sa –um- na pandiwa) NG (the thing- D.O.)

Iakyat (to bring upstairs)

Ibili (to buy something for someone)

Iayos (to fix)

Ihanap ( to find something for…)

Ibalik (to return)

Ihiram (to borrow something f or …

Ibalita (to bring news)

Ikain (to eat for someone)

Ibigay (to give)

Ikuha (to get something for someone)

Ibilad (to put something under the sun) Ibasa (galing sa –um- at mag- na pandiwa: to read) Idagdag (to add)

Ilagay (to put) Iluto (to cook) Iprito (to fry) Isauli (to return)

Isulat (to write)

I Verbs that are both OF and BF  Isulat mo ang pangalan mo.  Isulat mo ako ng tula.