Identification of Orders of Aquatic Insects

January 19, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Science, Biology, Zoology, Entomology
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Description

 Diagram on page 54

Terminology

 Glossary on pages 179-185

Ward et al.’s key to orders

Ephemeroptera  Mayflies  All larvae aquatic  Characteristics  Wing pads  1 claw on each leg (contrast with Plecoptera)  2-3 terminal segmented filaments (cerci) on abdomen  Usually with lateral abdominal gills

Plecoptera  Stoneflies  All larvae aquatic

 Characteristics  Wing pads  2 claws on each leg (contrast with Ephemeroptera)  2 cerci  No lateral abdominal gills

Trichoptera  Caddisflies  All larvae aquatic  Characteristics  No wing pads (contrast with Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera)  3 pairs of jointed legs on thorax (contrast with Diptera)  1 pair of terminal abdominal prolegs (contrast with Lepidoptera and larval Coleoptera)  Often in cases

Diptera  True flies  All larvae aquatic

 Characteristics  No jointed legs on thorax, some with prolegs on prothorax (contrast with Trichoptera, larval Coleoptera and Lepidoptera)  Very diverse group

What are these taxa?

 Chironomidae

Coleoptera  Beetles  Some adults and larvae aquatic  Mostly lentic except for Elmidae  Characteristics  Adults 



1st pair of wings hardened to form nonoverlapping shell-like covering (elytra) over abdomen (contrast with adult Hemiptera) Chewing mouthparts

Coleoptera  Characteristics  Larvae 



3 pairs of jointed legs on thorax (contrast with Diptera) No terminal abdominal prolegs (contrast with Trichoptera)

Odonata  Dragonflies and damselflies  All larvae aquatic  Mostly lentic  Characteristics  Wing pads  No cerci, some with unsegmented terminal gills (contrast with Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera)  Grasping mouthparts forming hinged structure (labium) under head (contrast with larval Hemiptera)

Hemiptera  True bugs  Some adults and larvae aquatic or

semi-aquatic  Mostly lentic except for

Naucoridae

 Characteristics  1st pair of wings with hardened base and overlapping membranous apical portion (contrast with adult Coleoptera)  Sucking/piercing mouthparts forming long jointed beak (contrast with larval Coleoptera and Odonata)

Lepidoptera  Butterflies and moths  Few larvae aquatic  Mostly lentic except for Pyralidae  Characteristics  3 pairs of jointed legs on thorax (contrast with Diptera)  At least 2 pairs of abdominal prolegs terminating in circle of hooklets (crochets) (contrast with Trichoptera and larval Coleoptera)

Megaloptera  Dobsonflies and alderflies  All larvae aquatic  Mostly lentic  Characteristics  7-8 pairs of lateral abdominal filaments (contrast with Trichoptera and larval Coleoptera)  Sialidae with long pointed filament at apex of abdomen  Corydalidae with anal hooks on final abdominal segment

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