Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain  Agricultural Revolution  Enclosures  Crop

Rotation  Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill  Livestock Breeding  All lead to a population growth

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain  Great Britain’s advantages  Large

Population  Natural Resources Water Power / Fuel  Iron Ore  Rivers  Harbors 

 Expanding 

Economy

Banking system / loans for investment

 Political

Stability

Britain’s Factors of Production Factor of Production

Definition

Example from textile industry

Inventions / Discoveries The Flying Shuttle

Inventions / Discoveries The Spinning Jenny

Inventions / Discoveries Water Frame

Inventions / Discoveries Spinning Mule

Inventions / Discoveries Power Loom

Inventions / Discoveries Rise of Factories

Inventions / Discoveries Cotton Gin

Inventions / Discoveries Steam Engine

Inventions / Discoveries Steamboat

Inventions / Discoveries Roads / Turnpikes

Inventions / Discoveries Rocket

Inventions / Discoveries Railroad Effects 1. Spurred further Industrial Growth 2. New Jobs created 3. Boosted agriculture and fishing industries 4. People able to take distant city jobs 5. People able to travel further distances

Inventions / Discoveries Thomas Edison

Inventions / Discoveries Alexander Graham Bell

Inventions / Discoveries Guglielmo Marconi

Inventions / Discoveries Henry Ford

Inventions / Discoveries Wright Brothers

Inventions / Discoveries Louis Pasteur

Inventions / Discoveries Joseph Lister

Inventions / Discoveries Charles Darwin

Inventions / Discoveries Gregor Mendel

Inventions / Discoveries Pierre an Marie Curie

Industrialization  By1800s people could earn higher

wages in factories than on farms  1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities)  1800-1850 large cities more than doubled  Period known as urbanization

Industrialization  Factories developed in Clusters

 London was most important city

Industrial living conditions  No development plans, sanitary codes

or building codes  Lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection  Unpaved streets, no drains  Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1 bedroom  Sickness widespread (cholera)  City life span 17 years  Merchants/Factory owners lived in suburbs

Industrial Working Conditions  Average work day 14 hours 6 days a

week  Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries  Coal Mines most dangerous  Many Women/Children worked in Coal Mines

Class Tensions  New Middle Class formed  Upper

Middle Class= government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers  Lower middle class=skilled workers  The Working Class  Laborers  Saw

little improvement in their living and working conditions  Luddites

Positive Effects of Industrialization  New Jobs  Added Wealth to Nation

 Technological Progress and invention  Raised standard of living  Hope of improvement

 Life of laborers eventually improved with

labor unions  Long-Term Effects?

Industrialization Spreads  US follows England  Begins

with Textiles  Railroads  Use of Corporations (Rockefeller, Carnegie)  Continental Europe  Belgium

leads the way  By late 1800’s Germany becomes a military and industrial giant  Not all European nations industrialized

Impact of Industrialization  Widened the wealth gap between

industrialized and nonindustrialized countries  Exploitation of overseas colonies  Gave Europe tremendous economic power  Hardships of early urban workers  Eventual rise of population, health and wealth  Development of a middle class

Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith  Laissez-Faire Economics  Law of Self-Interest  Law of Supply and Demand  Laid Foundation for Capitalism-

Factors of Production are privately owned and money is invested business ventures to make profit  Supported by works of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

Rise of Socialism  Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham , John

Stuart Mill  Utopia- Robert Owen  Socialism- Charles Fourier  Factors

of Production owned by government  Government ownership would end poverty and promote equality

Marxism: Radical Socialism  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write

The Communist Manifesto  Society

divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or have-nots (proletariat)  Predicted eventual overthrow of bourgeoisie  Classless society would develop (Communism)  Elimination of Private Property

Labor Unions and Reforms  Union spoke for all workers and

engaged in collective bargaining  If factory owners refused demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work  Reform Laws  Factory

reform act of 1833 (child labor)  Hours Act of 1847

Revolutions in the Arts Romanticism  Reaction against Enlightenment and

Classicism  Key ideas of Romanticism  Emphasize

inner feelings, emotions,

imagination  Focused on mysterious  Cherished folk traditions  Promoted radical change and democracy

Revolutions in the Arts Romanticism  Romantic Literature  William

Wordsworth  Lord Byron  Victor Hugo  Marry Shelley “Frankenstein”  Music  Ludwig

Van Beethoven  Robert Schuman  Frederick Chopin

Revolutions in the Arts Realism  Tried to show life as it really was  Photography

 Literature  Emile

zola  Charles Dickens

Revolutions in the Arts Impressionism  Reaction against realism  Use of pure shimmering colors

 Famous Painters  Calude

Monet  Edgar Degas  Pierre-Auguste Renoir