Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution UNIT 6

LEQ: How is an economic revolution different from a political revolution? Drill: Identify a form of technology that has made your daily life easier.

How would your daily activities be different without this technology?

The Transformation of the Written Word

Industrial Revolution •A period of accelerated technological development that shaped the A revolution is a drastic nature of production, work, and everyday life. change what is different from •1750 - 1800s in many rev. countries as Great Britain, France and the to rev.such is what changes. United States •The invention of manyIndustrial new machines created Revolution wasa asurge in the mass production of goods shift from human and animal

to machinery, factories,change starting in •This ignited a period labor of rapid social and economic Britain and later spreading through Europe and to North America and new sources of energy (steam, coal, oil, etc.)

Factors of an Industrial Revolution 1. Economic – how meet needs & wants; jobs, trade, $$ 2. Social – the society; the population 3. Political – government 4. Geographic – environment; available natural resources; location

LEQ: How did E.S.P.G. causes spark the Industrial Revolution in England? Drill:

How did improvements in farming technology effect society?

Economic Causes •Colonialism: provided raw materials to be transformed into manufactured goods and then exported •Adam Smith: wrote The Wealth of Nations; believed a free market would benefit everyone by producing the most goods with the fewest resources; contributed to support of capitalism free market economy - prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses (govt. stays out of business; Laissez Faire) capitalism - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

Social Causes •Agricultural Revolution: began 1600s; a change in traditional ways of farming and in the lifestyle of the farmer;

crop rotation system – rotate crops each season = more crops and more cattle = more food improved technology: seed drill, iron plow, mechanical reapers and threshers = more production •Population Boom: better diets and health = growth in population; new farming tech. meant there was less demand for workers on farms = migration to cities = larger urban workforce

Political Causes •Enclosure Acts: “Enclosure” refers to the consolidation of land, usually for the stated purpose of making it more productive. The British Enclosure Acts removed the prior rights of local people to rural land; the lands were then consolidated into individual, privately owned, and large

Geographic Causes •Raw Materials: Coal to power steam engines, iron ore for machinery, imports from colonies

•Infrastructure: water ways; developed cities; railway steam locomotive; durable, smoother, and less muddy roads infrastructure - the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

LEQ: How did E.S.P.G. causes spark the Industrial Revolution in England? Drill:

What did James Watt contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill:

How did George Stephenson contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

George Stephenson, the “father of railways” was an English civil engineer; he built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives

Pop Quiz 1. How did the Agricultural Revolution help set the stage for the Industrial Revolution? 2. What kind of economy did Adam Smith advocate for A) mercantilism B) free market C) communism

3. Law passed by the British government that turned large public lands into privately owned farm land A) Enclosure Act

B) Resettlement Act C) Reallocation Act

The Domestic System •Refers to the time when the manufacture of products was done at home and on a small scale and known as the domestic system

•Pros: work at own pace, better treatment, good working conditions, meal and work breaks, high-quality goods

•Cons: slow, laborious, supply could not keep up with demand

The Factory System •Brought workers and machines together in one place to manufacture goods •Machines were powered by water and steam engines •New methods of production within the factories like interchangeable parts and the assembly line improved worker productivity •To meet the demand of the growing population manufactures introduced mass production = turning out large quantities of identical goods

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill:

How did Samuel Morse contribute to the Industrial Revolution? Samuel Morse developed an electric telegraph in 837. In 1838 he developed the Morse Code

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill: The year is 1830 and you are 15. You live in London with your family. You are one of five children. To help your family you work in a textile mill. Describe your day.

Cities and Working Conditions CITIES

FACTORIES: WORKING CONDITIONS

•Overpopulated = crowded

•10-16 hour work days

•Dirty & unsanitary

•6 days a week

•Poor housing

•Low wages

•Disease

•Unsafe

•No benefits •Women and children work

LEQ: What is the global impact of industrialization? Drill:

Brainstorm: What advantages might an industrialized country have over a non-industrialized country?

Impact of Industrialization 1. Rise in Global Inequality: •Shifted world power •Increased competition between industrialized and less-developed nations •Widened the wealth gap between nations •Great Britain led in exploitation and other nations followed = imperialism

Impact of Industrialization 2. Transformation of Society: •Improvements in agriculture, transportation, and communication changed how people lived

•Western Europe and U.S. had economic power •Long life expectancy •Development of a middle class, more opportunity for education, and democratic participation = social reform