Industrial Revolution: History and Significance

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _______________ Per: __________

Industrial Revolution: History and Significance Industrial Revolution

The ________________________________ was the transition to new manufacturing processes In the United States, sometime between ________________________ The __________________ Industrial Revolution happened before the United States British inventors began developing machines which transformed the _______________________________

Start of Industrial Revolution in US

____________________________________ observed that in Britain, spinning was done in one mill and weaving was in another. Lowell wanted to combine spinning and weaving under ___________. A group of investors, the ________________________, built a mill in Waltham, MA. Their _________ had all the machines to turn raw cotton into finished cloth. After Lowell died the Boston associated continued building. They built an entire factory town on the ____________________________ and named it after Lowell. The town of ______________________ had a population of five farm families in 1821. By 1836 it had over ______________________

Changes In American Life

We went from an farming society to an ________________________ Most goods were produced by hand ______________ or in workshops Most people were __________________ Most people lived in _________________________ Machines replaced ___________________________

Steam, water and electric power replaced ______________________________________________ Economy shifted from farming to _____________________________ More people moved from farms to ___________________ Factories

Factories were set up along rivers since they needed water to _____________ the machines that would spin thread and weave cloth. This new factory system had workers and machines working together to _____________________________. The British did not want their designs to leave England. Why? Designs are helping the _____________________ Designs are worth serious ____________________ They made it __________ for all factory workers to leave the country Checked __________________ for plans of British factories. ______________________________, a mechanic in one of the mills, memorized the plans then traveled to the United States. Slater met up with _____________________________, a Quaker and built the first American Mill.

Working Conditions In Lowell, and other mill towns owners would hire mostly __________________________________ You could pay women and children ______________________ than a man. Children as ___________________________ could work in the mills They could navigate around the machines since they were _________. Working in the mill was no different than working at a farm. To reassure parents that their daughters would be okay in the “city”, the Boston Associates built ________________________, hired house mothers, built a church and made rules.

Most women would work for a few years then would ________________________. Both women and children worked long hours: ______________ a day, ___________________ a week (72 hours a week) As competition increased, working and pay conditions ____________ Inventions

In 1764 James Hargreaves created the ______________________. It allowed a worker to spin several threads at once rather than just one. ______________________________ modified the spinning jenny in 1769. He created a machine that could spin up to 100 different threads at once. It required water power to turn its wheels so it became known as the ______________________________. This made producing thread much faster In the 1780’s Edward Cartwright built a loom that was powered by water. This made producing cloth much faster. __________________________ – Cotton=thread=cloth There were inventions which sped up the process of producing thread and cloth (spinning jenny and the loom) In 1793 _________________, an American, developed the cotton gin. Made the process of _________________________ fibers faster and easier.

Growing Cities

As factories sprouted up, ________________________ Cities had many problems _______________ and gravel made roads impassable when it rained No __________________________ ____________________________ was thrown in the street

In these crowded conditions ______________________ spread __________________ could spread easily from one house to another. Cities had many ____________________________ _______________________, racetracks, plays, __________________ “________________________” fashion (not hand sewn) Fancy ________________ Specialty _______________ New Ipswich

The ____________________________ provided water power for mills in New Ipswich In 1801 ______________________ set up the first woolen mill in the state of New Hampshire In 1804, New Ipswich established the first cotton mill in __________________________________. Mills supported spinning and weaving of cotton and _____________. This manufacture of fabrics spread throughout the state and greatly added to its economic and _____________________________ Aided the development of the __________________________ in the United States