Infinitive and Gerund

Infinitivo “com to”...

É normalmente usado...

Após

Adjetivos Advérbios Substantivos (com intenção de indicar finalidade) Pronomes indefinidos Pronomes interrogativos Locuções verbais

I’m glad to hear of your conquest. (adjetivo) She behaved badly to call the shots. (advérbio) Do you have a tool to open this box? (substantivo com finalidade) I have something to tell you about the trip. (pronome indefinido) I don’t know what to say about that. (pronome interrogativo) They have decided to buy that boat . (locução verbal)

Após os seguintes verbos...

(can) afford (ter meios para) appear (aparecer) arrange (arranjar, organizar) attempt (tentar) ask (pedir, perguntar) be about (estar para) be supposed (esperar-se que) dare (ousar, atrever-se) decide (decidir)

expect (esperar) have(must) (precisar, ter) hope (esperar) learn (aprender) manage (gerenciar) need (precisar) offer (oferecer) order (ordenar) plan (planejar) prefer (preferir)

pretend (fingir) promise (prometer) refuse (recusar) seem (parecer) tell (contar) threaten (ameaçar) try (tentar) used (costumava) want (querer) wish (desejar)

Exemplos:

They decided to make him wait for a while . The students plan to study English . Paul attempted to receive the payment .

Usos do infinitivo “sem to”...

Após os auxiliares Exemplos: will would shall can could may might should must need not

They will work tomorrow morning . I would like to know him . We shall dance softly . Paul can try the new method . She could type very quickly . It may rain . He might have come. They should learn Physics . Paul must study Portuguese . She need not worry about the exams .

Após as expressões

would rather ( preferir) had better (é melhor)

Exemplos: I would rather spend my money on clothes . She would rather visit the United States . You had better study harder . He had better go there .

Após os verbos Exemplos: make (fazer) let (deixar, permitir) have (mandar)

The joke made me blush . Let her go . I will have the maid clean the house .

Após as conjunções Exemplos: but (exceto) except (exceto)

There is nothing to do but wait for him here . He will do anything except dance with you .

Usos do gerúndio...

Após preposições

He kept on talking for three hours last night . John is tired of working in that factory . We ran five miles without stopping . Are you interested in working for us ? I’m not very good at learning languages . What are the advantages of having a car ? Before I going out I phoned Ann . What did you do after leaving school ?

Após as expressões Exemplos: can’t stand (não suportar) can’t bear (não suportar) can’t help (não poder evitar) it’s no good (não é bom) it’s no use (não adianta , é inútil) to be worth (valer a pena) to be worthwhile (valer a pena) feel like (estar a fim de)

I can’t stand studying grammar . She can’t bear staying there . I can’t help crying when I think of her . It’s no good wasting money . It’s no use waiting . This book is worth reading . That car is worthwhile buying . What do you feel like doing now ?

Após os seguintes verbos admit (admitir) appreciate (apreciar) avoid (evitar) consider (considerar) delay (adiar) deny (negar) detest (detestar) enjoy (apreciar) excuse (desculpar)

fancy (fantasiar) finish (terminar) imagine (imaginar) involve (envolver) keep (manter) mind (importar-se) miss (perder) pardon (perdoar, desculpar) postpone (adiar)

practice (praticar) quit (abandonar) recall (recordar) remember (lembrar) regret (lamentar) resist (resistir) risk (arriscar) stop (parar) suggest (sugerir)

Exemplos: Try to avoid traveling at night . Most women enjoy shopping . He finished writing his weekly report .

Usos do “gerúndio e infinitivo sem to”...

Após os seguintes verbos

Exemplos: hear (ouvir) see (ver) watch (observar) feel (sentir) notice (notar) observe (observar) perceive (perceber)

I heard her

leave the house last night . leaving

They watched the man

We saw him

cut the trees . cutting

pick up the wallet . picking

Usos do “gerúndio e infinitivo com to”...

Após os seguintes verbos advise (aconselhar) attempt (tentar) begin (começar) start (começar) continue (continuar) forget (esquecer) hate (odiar) leave (partir, deixar) like (gostar)

love (amar) mean (significar) neglect (negligenciar) prefer (preferir) permit (permitir) remember (lembrar) stop (parar) study (estudar) try (tentar)

Exemplos:

Ralph started to run when he saw the robber . He started laughing after the joke .

Atenção !

She has stopped writing . (Ela parou de escrever .)

She has stopped the work to write . (Ela parou seu trabalho para escrever.)

(ITA - SP) - If you are in a hurry, you had better (é melhor) ______by subway. a) going b) to go c) go d) to going e) gone Test 1

(OSEC - SP) - She stopped _______cigarettes. Her doctor told her not to do it. a) to smoke b) of smoking c) smoke d) by smoking e) smoking Test 2

(FCC - SP) - After ________you at your home. I’ll go to my office. a) to live b) to leave c) leaving d) leave e) living Test 3

(PUC - SP) - Before ________ to bed, we brush our teeth. a) to going b) go c) going d) gone e) to go Test 4

(PUC - SP) - They want_____________. a) for you to go there. b) that you to go there. c) you go there. d) you to go there. e) that you going there. Test 5

(PUC - SP) - A expressão que corretamente completa a frase… “I objected to ____________”.

a) do that work b) have done that work c) done that work d) doing that work e) did that work

Test 6

(FMU - SP) – The verb that completes the sentence is… “Do you cook yourself ? Yes, I’ m used to ___________.”

a) being cooked b) be cooked c) cook d) cooking e) cooked

Test 7

(FMU - SP) – The correct alternative that completes the answer related to the question below. “Do you want to go to Europe ?” “No, I’d rather (prefiro)________the United States.” a) visiting b) visit c) visitting d) to visit e) visited

Test 8

(FMU - SP) - It’s no use (não adianta) ____there because she isn’t at home. a) going b) go c) to go d) gone e) have gone Test 9

(FMU - SP) - She made me ______ the bill before________. a) paid; to travel b) pay; travelling c) paying; travelling d) to pay; travel e) pay; to travel Test 10

He used ____________long distances.

a) walk b) walking c) to walk d) walked e) to walking Test 11

She doesn’t feel like (sentir vontade) ______to the club; She’ d rather (preferir) _____home today. a) to go; to stay b) going; staying c) go; stay d) going; stay e) going; to stay Test 12

Let me ________you. We’d better (é melhor) ____this quickly.

a) help; finish b) to help; to finish c) help; finishing d) helping; finish e) help; to finish Test 13

Would you mind _____the window before _____? a) to open; smoking b) openning; smoking c) opening; smoking d) open; smoke e) opening; to smoke Test 14

They’ve decided _____him _______for a while. a) make; wait b) to make; wait c) to make; waiting d) making; waiting e) make; to wait Test 15

Stop ___________! It’s impossible _______you. a) running; reaching b) running; to reach c) to run; to reach d) runing; to reach e) running; reach Test 16

He wants ____________. a) to quit to drink b) to quit drinking c) quit drinking d) quitting to drink e) quit drink Test 17

We enjoy _______although we can’t _______it very often. a) to dance; do b) dance; doing c) dancing; to do d) dancing; do e) to dance; to do Test 18

The novelist was used ________early in the morning. a) to finishing write b) to finish to write c) finish writing d) to finish writing e) to finishing writing Test 19

He’s interested in _________that house but for me it is not even worth ________it. a) buy; seeing b) buying; to see c) buying; seeing d) to buy; to see e) buying; see Test 20

(Puccamp - SP) - Select the verb that cannot be used in the blank. She_____________studying that particular problem.

a) avoided b) stopped c) was prevented from d) doesn’t mind e) decided

Test 21

(Puccamp - SP) - Select the correct alternative. I hope you don’t mind _________outside. a) waiting b) wait c) have to wait d) to wait e) none of the above applies.

Test 22

Sally seems to be used to______people do things for her.

a) b) having c) had d) have e) none of the above applies. Test 23

(Sta. Cecília - Santos - SP) - You cannot be a doctor without ____ hard.

a) to study b) studying c) study d) studied e) to studied Test 24

(FESP) - That student apologized for _______ in class. a) shouted b) he shouts c) shouting d) having shout e) shout Test 25

(FESP) - É melhor eu tomar remédio. a) It’s better that I take some medicine. b) I’d rather take some medicine. c) I’d better take some medicine. d) It’s better that I’d take some medicine. e) It’s rather I’d take some medicine. Test 26

(FCC-SP) - He enjoys ___________in the mountains. a) to camp b) camping c) to camping d) camped e) camp Test 27

(UnB - DF) - He is very fond of ________. a) to read b) had read c) reading d) read e) to reading Test 28

(FAAP - SP) - He is in charge of____ the dog. a) training b) having trained c) to train d) trainning e) trained Test 29

(FAAP - SP) - Which is the correct form? a) Instead of to study he went to the movies. b) Instead of studies he went to the movies. c) Instead of studied he went to the movies. d) Instead of studying he went to the movies. e) Instead of to studying he went to the movies. Test 30