INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS TRANSPORT TEACHING MATERIAL

Transparencies 2003

EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results www.eu-portal.net

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AS PART OF THE TRANSPORT CHAIN

Chapter 1

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

OVERVIEW Introduction to logistics Specialities and problems of urban freight transport New trends in urban freight transport

Chapter 1

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LOGISTICS Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective

flow and

storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements

Chapter 2

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

IMPORTANCE OF CITY LOGISTIC High rate of urbanisation in Europe Delivery and supply of transport are very cost intensive Environmental sensitivity of urban areas

• Air pollution • Noise emissions Economic competitivity of urban areas

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

COMPONENTS OF THE LOGISTICAL PROCESS PRODUCTION

i.e. the qualitative change of a good

DECONSOLIDATION

i.e. shipments are united or dispersed

STORAGE

i.e. goods are stored until they are called for by consumers

CONSUMPTION

i.e. goods are consumed or further changed qualitatively

DISPOSAL

i.e. used goods are disposed as waste

Chapter 2

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

PASSAGERS - GOODS Passangers

Goods

Travel (active)

Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred

Board, get off and transfer without assistance

The information must be processed through logistics managers

Process information and act on it without assistance

Logistics managers meet choices between means of transport rationally

Meet choices between means of transport without assistance but often irrationally

Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SINGLE-STEP SYSTEM

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

MULTI-STEP SYSTEM

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

COMBINED SYSTEM

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

TRANSPORT CHAIN

Sequence of technical and organisational interconnected events, by which goods are moved from an origin (supplier) to a destination (receiver)

Chapter 2

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ORGANISATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBLE TRANSPORT CHAINS

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SPECIAL FEATURES OF URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT Spatial restrictions Traffic infrastructure Environmental concerns and sensitivities

Chapter 3

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RESEARCH ON FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN URBAN AREAS

particularities of todays logistic processes

research and development

new concepts in city logistic todays processes future processes

Chapter 3

strong constraints

economical necessities

negative macroeconomic effects

positive macroeconomic effects

political reglementations

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBILITIES FOR CITY DELIVERY Individual forms of organizations

• Receivers without self-coordinated delivery logistics • Receivers with distribution company coordinated delivery logistics

• Receivers with self-coordinated logistics

Superordinated forms of public organizations

• Goods distributions centres • Freight villages

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RECEIVERS WITHOUT SELF-ORGANIZED LOGISTICS 1.

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2.

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RECEIVERS WITH CO-ORDINATED LOGISTICS

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LACK OF OVERSIGHT FOR THE ENTIRE SYSTEM Freight transport is normally based on rational decisions

• One aspires to minimal operation cost  Should lead to a reduced use of resources However, many transport processes are not optimal from a macroeconomic perspective

• The several subsystems (involved companies) are too small • Subsystems are optimised under the constraint of business without taking into account the entire system

Chapter 3

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIPS AND TONNAGE 100%

1% 11%

10%

80% 38% 60% Semi-trailers 40%

88%

Trucks (> 3.5 to) Deliv ery v ans (< 3.5 to) 52%

20%

0% trips

Chapter 3

tons

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SUBOPTIMAL TRANSPORT CHAINS FROM A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE Companies tend to avoid breakpoints in the transport chain

 Short-haul vehicles (e.g. vans) are used also for midlength and long stretches

 Combined transport (Rail - Road) is rarely used

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NO FURTHER BUNDLING OF TRIPS No interest by the enterprises involved (receivers/distribution companies)

company A

• des Single enterprises are in competiton with one another company C

company B

with internal process optimisation

city centre

Chapter 3

• en Doesn‘t go along

 Incentive measures from the public a necessity

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

POSSIBILITIES FOR OTPIMISATION New forms of Organisations

• Goods distribution Centres • Freight villages New Technical Developments

• New Transhipment Technologies • Smaller Containers in the Logistical Sphere Administrative Control Mechanisms

• Creation of regulations • Taxation • Subsidy and infrastructure development Chapter 4

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

GOODS DISTRIBUTIONS CENTRE (City Terminal) At a Goods

distribution centre all goods flows with

destination city centre are consolidated and compiled to new loads. The aim of a city terminal is the Minimisation of the number of Delivery

Chapter 4

Tips

in City Centres.

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

GOODS DISTRIBUTION CENTRES AND FREIGHT VILLAGES 1.

1 2

2.

Function of a goods distribution center Functionaliy of a village with transhipment service

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

FREIGHT VILLAGES

Freight villages are industry zones with the best connections to the transport

network, where freight transport intensive

enterprises, are established. Ideally, they have the equipment for the

transhipment between different transport modes.

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES AT A FREIGHT VILLAGE

Chapter 4

•

Long-distance transport

•

Distribution transport

•

Warehousing

•

Deconsolidation

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

INFRASTRUCTURE AT A FREIGHT VILLAGE • Connections to the network (high capacity roads, railway network, waterways, etc.) • Transhipment services for intermodal transport • Branch lines

• Environmental protection services

Chapter 4

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL SERVICES AT A FREIGHT VILLAGE • Distribution service, in the sense of a city terminal

• Garage for vehicles, containers and transhipment equipment

• Offices for customs, road traffic

• Safety services • Information services, communications services (i.e., conference rooms), consultancy services Chapter 4

INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NEW TRANSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES Why?

• Cheaper transhipment • Separation of long distance transport and short distance transport

• Adequate vehicles for short distance transport

• Promotion of rail transport

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

NEW TRANSHIPMENT TECHNIQUES TO PROMOTE COMBINED TRANSPORT

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SMALLER CONTAINERS IN THE LOGISTICS SHEPHE Why?

• More adequate load units for supply and delivery • Cheaper deconsolidation • Long distance container = short distance container • No interruption in transport chain

• Better degree of utilisation of the loading capacity

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

SMALLER CONTAINERS

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INNER URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND CITY LOGISTICS

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL MECHANISMS Creation of regulations • Weight • Emission

• Delivery times • Access roads • Loading zones Taxation Subsidy and infrastructure development Chapter 4