IPM OF ROSE PESTS Baldo Villegas Entomologist; ARS Master Rosarian Sacramento, CA USDA (Zone 8/9) EMail:
[email protected] Home Page: http://www.sactorose.org/
An America Rose Society Presentation ©2005
INTRODUCTION There
are many different types of organisms (insects, mites, diseases) in the home garden Very few are pests! Many beneficial organisms are present Correct identification of the pest is essential for proper control
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Universities – UC, State, Community Colleges Cooperative Extension Offices State Department of Agriculture County Department of Agriculture Local Nurseries – CA Nursery Association
SOURCES OF INFORMATION (cont.)
Libraries Internet Private Sector 1. Local Nurseries especially members of the CA Nursery Association 2. Pesticide & Landscape Outlets 3. Pest Control Advisors (PCA’s) 4. Private Horticulture Experts
BALDO’S FAVORITE INTERNET IPM SITES http://www.sactorose.org
- Baldo’s Bugs &
Roses Website http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu - UC IPM Online http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/publicat.htm University of Florida – Entomology & Nematology Publications http://www.apsnet.org - The American Phytopathological Society
IPM REFERENCE BOOKS
Dreistadt, Steve H. 1995. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs. University of California. DANR Publication 3359. Oakland, CA 327p. ISBN#: 1-879906-18-X. 3Price $32.
Flint, Mary Louise. 1990. Pests of the Garden and Small Farm - A Grower’s Guide to Using Less Pesticide. University of California. DANR Publication 3332. Oakland, CA 276p. ISBN#: 0-931876-89-3. Price $25.
Cranshaw, Whitney. 1992. Pests of the West - Prevention and Control for Today’s Garden and Small Farm. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado, 275p. ISBN#: 1-55591-097-1. Excellent book for IPM in North America at a very reasonable price! Price $18.95.
Davidson, R. H. and William F. Lyon. 1987. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 556p.
IPM REFERENCE BOOKS (cont.)
Essig, E. O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. The MacMillan Company, NY, 1035p. This book has been out of print for many years. It is the best Book around for insect biologies for western insects.
Horst, Kenneth R. 1983. Compendium of Rose Diseases. APS Press, The American Phytophathological Society. St. Paul MN, 50p. Best book for rose diseases! Order: The American Phytophathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121, USA. ISBN#: 0-89054-052-7. Price - $35.
Johnson, Warren T. and Howard H. Lyon. 1988. Insects that Feed on Trees and Shrubs,, 2nd edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 556p. ISBN#: 0-8014-2108-X. One of the best books for ornamental pests in North America. Price $50.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)
IPM is an environmentally sound integration of all control methods to control pest populations below economic or damaging levels
IPM STRATEGIES Prevention Pest
& Symptom Identification Regular Survey for Pests (presence or symptoms) Establish Action Thresholds & Guidelines
IPM METHODS Cultural
Control Mechanical & Physical Control Biological Control Chemical Control
CULTURAL CONTROL Growing
healthy plants Buying pest-free plant materials Choosing resistant varieties Choosing the planting site Fertilization - too much or too little Sanitation - removal of infected plant materials Watering methods
MECHANICAL & PHYSICAL Barriers
- e.g., copper banding for snails/slugs Mulching - for weed control & water conservation Solarization - for control of weeds and diseases Hosing & Syringing - for control of aphids, mites, & powdery mildew Handpicking & Crushing - for many large insects and beetles Hoeing - for weed control Trapping - e.g., pheromone traps for tobacco budworms
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Parasites
(Parasitoids) - e.g., parasitic wasps & flies Predators - e.g., lady beetles & lacewings Diseases - e.g., milky spore for Japanese Beetle, beneficial nematodes, etc.
CHEMICAL CONTROL Inorganic
Pesticides - Derived from elemental sources:
Sulfur Organic Pesticides - Synthetic pesticides further classified by chemical families and modes of action. Botanical Pesticides - Derived from plant materials: Pyrethrum, rotenone, rynia, bioneem, pepper oil, etc. Microbial Pesticides - Derived from microbial organisms: Bacillus thuringienses
SIGNAL WORDS These words give information on the relative toxicity and corrosiveness of the pesticide POISON:
Highly Toxic - Nicotine Sulfate DANGER: Highly Toxic - Funginex (Triforine) WARNING: Moderately Toxic - Roundup CAUTION: Slightly Toxic - many botanicals & microbial pesticides
Garden Insecticides - Systemics
Insecticides – Contact - Residual
Insecticides – Contact – No Residue
Insecticides - Microbal
WHO DID THIS DAMAGE?
Aphids
Aphid Natural Enemies Aphis Wasp
Dead Aphid From Aphid Wasp
Lady Beetle
More Aphid Natural Enemies Lacewing Adult
Cecidomyiid Midge Larva
Cecidomyiid Midge Adult
Lacewing Larva
Lacewing Eggs
Sooty Mold – usually grows on top of honeydew produced by sucking insects
Ants – commonly found on honeydew produced by sucking insects
Mealybugs
Whiteflies
Rose Scale – common on berry bushes
San Jose Scale – common on fruit trees
Scale Insect Natural Enemies Red Scale Wasp (Aphytis melinus)
Red Scale Wasp Larva On Scale
Spittlebugs – unsightly “spit” or foam
Spider Mites – suck individual cells dry
Two-Spotted Spider Mites
Flower Thrips – very tiny insects! Commonly found causing damage to rose petals
Western Flower Thrips
Rose Midge – tiny mosquito like flies, feeds on the apical buds of roses
Katydids – long horned grasshoppers
Snails & Slugs – leave a silvery slime trail behind
Control Measures For Snails Baldo Squish
Copper Band
Diabrotica or Cucumber Beetles
Rose Curculios – feeds on early flower buds
Rose Curculio – damage to buds
Other Beetles: Hoplia, Japanese beetles, Stem girdlers, etc.
Fruit Tree Leafroller Caterpillars
Tobacco Budworms - commonly migrate from companion plantings
Marmara Cambium Miners
Bristly Rose Slug – skeletonizes leaves
European Rose Slug – skeletonizes leaves
Rose Stem Sawfly Damage on Rose
Rose Stem Boring Sawfly Aka – Raspberry Stem Boring Sawfly
Cane Boring Insects
Predatory aphid wasp
Most cane boring insects are predaceous on other insects and use rose stems for nesting
Cynipid Gall Wasps – cause galls on leaves, stems & roots
Leafcutter Bees – do not eat leaves; they use them for lining nests
Learn To Recognize The Good Bugs Of The Garden Lady Beetle Larva Parasitized Aphid – A “Mummy”
Leatherwinged Beetle
Ground Beetle
Scale Feeding Lady Beetle Larvae, Pupae & Adult
Lady Beetle Pupae
Mealybug Destroyer Lady Beetle Larvae
Watch out for the Lady Beetles!
Beneficial Hover Fly - larvae look like caterpillars but they are not!
Baldo’s Squish Technique
The Squish Technique – works on other organisms
IPM IN THE HOME GARDEN Establish
damage levels for your own
garden Make observations and record them Correctly identify the pest Take the appropriate action; sometimes the appropriate action is no action
The End