knowledge, attitude and practice related to universal precaution

Health and Allied Sciences

Category

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1001

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE RELATED TO UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION AMONG IIUM NURSING AND MEDICAL STUDENTS laith Issa Yassin, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing MUHAMMAD HARIZ MOHD SARIMAN, , Kulliyyah of Nursing Exhibitor : laith Issa Yassin, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing

A good practice of universal precaution (UP) is a powerful tool to reduce the risk of contacting nosocomial infections in clinical settings. The knowledge level of UP affects the positive attitude and good practice of universal precaution. Objectives: The aim of the study is to identify knowledge, attitudes and practice related to UP among nursing and medical students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). This study was done to investigate the relationship of socio-demographic data (age, gender, course taken and clinical experience) towards knowledge, attitude and practice of UP also to determine source of info related to UP. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at IIUM Kuantan Campus. Convenience sampling method was used to select the sample. 276 respondents involved in this study and the data was collected using self-administered questionnaire modified from a valid and reliable measure. The data had been analyzed by using PASW Statistics Version 18.0 in terms of descriptive statistics, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out for significant test. Results: The result showed that IIUM Nursing and medical students have a good knowledge level, positive attitude and good practice of universal precaution with all three domains scored more than 75% above total population score. Age, gender, course taken and clinical experience certainly have effect towards the knowledge, attitude and practice of UP. Various sources of info noted from respondents. Conclusion: In conclusion, IIUM nursing and medical students have good knowledge, attitude and practice of UP. Age, gender, course taken and clinical experience has their own effect towards knowledge, attitude and practice of UP. Curriculum was the main source of info of UP. Keywords : Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Universal Precaution

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Category 1002

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Health and Allied Sciences

FOODBORNE DISEASE: A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE AMONG PEOPLE ATTENDING THREE SELECTED PUBLIC AREAS IN KUANTAN laith Issa Yassin, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing SHADIA SHEIKH MOHAMED, , Kulliyyah of Nursing Exhibitor : laith Issa Yassin, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing

Foodborne illnesses are syndromes that are acquired as a result of eating foods that contain sufficient quantities of poisonous substances or pathogens. Most of us today had an increased risk for food borne illnesses resulting from improper food handling, preparation, and storage. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude of foodborne disease among community in Kuantan. Methodology: Data were collected from February until the end of March by using self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed to 360 people attending three selected public areas in Kuantan. A cross-sectional study survey was consisting of 21 questions on knowledge and attitude about foodborne disease, and respondent demographical data. The data had been analyzed by using SPSS Version 16.0 in terms of descriptive statistic, Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis and Spearman Correlation test as carried out for significant test. Results: The results showed that overall participants have a moderate level of knowledge with mean 7.65 out of 12 questions, and a moderate level of attitude with mean 6.31 out of 9 questions. The sociodemographic influencing knowledge are age, education level and income, while for attitude are gender and education level. There are positive weak relationship between knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: The level of education influenced the level of knowledge and attitude towards foodborne disease among community in Kuantan where the higher the level of education, the better the knowledge and attitude. There was significance positive correlation between knowledge and attitude towards foodborne disease among community in Kuantan. Keywords : Knowledge, Attitude, Foodborne Disease, Community, Kuantan

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Category 1005

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Health and Allied Sciences

P REDICTORS OF IN ‐ HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PRIMARY INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE IN E AST COAST OF M ALAYSIA  MOHAMMAD YOUSUF RATHOR, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Mohammad Fauzi Abdul Rani, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Abdul Rehman Jamalludin, Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Soon H How, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Mohammad Amran Rashid, Radiology, Kulliyyah of Medicine Shahrin Tilmizi, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Ahmad Marzuki Bin Omar, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Anis Shah, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine Exhibitor : MOHAMMAD YOUSUF RATHOR, Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine

Background and objective: Despite much medical progress, stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability. Physicians are faced with the task of predicting the likely outcome. The aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of various risk factors and determine predictors of in-hospital mortality among primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) patients, thus providing insight in developing therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome. Methods: A prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Results: A total of 160 patients (108 male and 52 female) were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 25 to 85 years (mean age was 58.30 ± 11.44 years). Hypertension was the commonest risk factor (74.4%), followed by diabetes mellitus (18.8%) and cigarette smoking (36.3%). The commonest location of ICH was lobar (43.8%) followed by basal ganglia / internal capsule (28.1 %) and multilobar (13.1%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 32.5 %. About one third (32.7%) of the deaths occurred within first 24 hours, this rose to 38.5% within first 2 days and 84.6% within one week. The significant independent predictors of acute in- hospital mortality were Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, posterior fossa bleed (OR 11.01; 95% CI 3.21 to 37.81), hematoma volume >60ml (OR 4.72; 95% CI 1.34 to 16.64), mid line shift (OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.05 to 10.50) and intraventricular extension of haemorrhage (OR 5.69; 95% CI 2.24 to 14.47). Conclusion: Neuroimaging features along with GCS score on admission can help the clinicians in clinical decision-making as well as in assessing patient prognosis. Keywords : Primary intracerebral haemorrhage, Clinical profile, Outcome, Glasgow coma scale, computed tomography, Malaysia.

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Category 1006

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Health and Allied Sciences

A LCOHOL C ONSUMPTION AND I TS E FFECT ON T ESTICULAR S TRUCTURE AND ON S PERM C OUNT AND M OTILITY IN P ARENT  Imad Al-Ani, Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine Exhibitor : Imad Al-Ani, Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine

Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of alcohol consumption on sperm count and motility and the morphological changes in the seminiferous tubules of parent mice and their offspring. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into two groups, Group 1 (alcohol group) of twelve male and twelve female mice, were given a daily dose of (3 g/kg body weight as 25%, v/v) ethanol by gastric gavage for four and eight weeks. Group 2 (control group) also of twelve male and twelve female mice; received normal access of food and water. After four weeks of treatment, the males and females in each group were allowed to mate and ethanol treatment continued for up to another four weeks. Twelve male offspring from group 1 and twelve male offspring from group 2 were selected randomly and allowed to become mature. Male parent mice were killed at the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment, and their male offspring were killed when they reached maturity age. Results: Physiological examination of the sperm solution showed that there was a significant decrease in sperm count and motility after 4 and 8 weeks of ethanol treatment in parent male mice, but this decrease was not significant in their adult offspring. Furthermore, histological investigations indicated testicular lesions in the parent male mice and their adult male offspring. Conclusion: Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on the testes structure and on the sperm count and motility of the epididymal spermatozoa of both parent mice and their offspring. Keywords : Alcohol, Offspring, Tests, Sperm count, Sperm motility

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Category 1007

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Health and Allied Sciences

A NTIDIABETIC A CTIVITY OF M URRAYA KOENIGII L EAVES ON G LUCOSE L EVEL , K IDNEY AND I SLETS OF L ANGERHANS IN S TREPTOZOTOCIN I NDUCED D IABETES IN R ATS  Imad Al-Ani, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Rahajoe Santosa, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Anil Saxena, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Exhibitor : Imad Al-Ani, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine

Curry leaves, Murraya koenigii (MK), is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and its renal complications. In the present study, in addition to 30 days antihyperglycaemic effect of MK aqueous extract, we also examined its possible effects on the Islets of Langerhans and nephroprotective potential in diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats received a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce experimental diabetes. Rats were randomized into five groups (n=6) of normal control, diabetic control (nontreated), and diabetic treated with MK aqueous leaf extract. The fresh leaves of MK was extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried to get a powder. Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored gravimetrically. The animals were killed on the 30th day, kidney and the pancreatic tissues were harvested, and the tissue specimens were fixed in 10% formal saline for 48hrs, and processed for histological studies. Diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement in blood glucose levels and body weight gain. The MK extract also caused significant improvement in tissue injury induced by STZ. Thus, these findings highlighted the beneficial effects of MK aqueous extract against cellular oxidative damage and may exert anti-hyperglycemic action via kidney and islet cell induced regeneration in diabetic rats. Keywords : Blood glucose, Body weight, MK, Islet of Langerhans, Kidney

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Category 1011

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Health and Allied Sciences

P RESERVATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL ULTRASTRUCTURAL CONSTITUENTS WITH N IGELLA SATIVA OIL TREATMENT TO RATS CHALLENGED BY GLOBAL CEREBRAL OLIGEMIA  Marwan Azzubaidi, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Norlelawati Talib, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Anil Saxena, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Qamar Ahmed, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Imad Al-Ani, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Exhibitor : Marwan Azzubaidi, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy

The oil extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NSO) was found to preserve viability of cerebellar neurons in vitro. Recent in vivo experimental study proved that NSO daily oral treatment was able to prevent memory and learning deterioration in a murine model of mild global cerebral ischemia (MGCI) that was created with permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats. The current study’s objective was to assess the effect of NSO treatment on pyramidal and other neighboring neurons within CA1 hippocampal subfield of rats with MGCI that was achieved through 2VO procedure. The assessment was ultrastructural using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nine rats were equally divided into three groups: sham control, untreated 2VO and NSO treated group (2VO with daily oral NSO treatment). By the end of the 10th postoperative week coronal sections of the hippocampus were collected and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The neurodegenerative changes observed in pyramidal cells, astrocytes, endothelial basement membrane and axoplasms of CA1 hippocampal region of 2VO group were completely absent in sham operated control group. Meanwhile, NSO treated groups were almost free of ultrastructural neurodegenerative changes as those detected in untreated 2VO group. This adds another supporting evidence of the promising neuroprotective activity provided by NSO treatment to prevent age related neurodegenerative diseases especially those associated with chronic global cerebral hypoperfusion such as Alzheimer’s disease. Keywords : neurodegeneration, 2VO, hippocampus, Nigella sativa, neuroprotection, rat

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Category 1012

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Health and Allied Sciences

CA1 HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL RESPONSES TO CURRY LEAVES EXTRACT TREATMENT IN RATS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION : A BEHAVIORAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY  Marwan Saad Azzubaidi, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Noriah Mohd Noor, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Anil Kumar Saxena, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Imad Matloub Al-Ani, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Qamar U. Ahmed, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Norlelawati Talib, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine Exhibitor : Marwan Saad Azzubaidi, Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy

Curry leaves VIZ. Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) extract was found to possess robust antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Its memory enhancing effect in preclinical studies has also been reported in an animal model of drug induced amnesia. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its vascular hypothesis has been linked to chronic decrease in cerebral blood flow when it attains significantly sub-threshold levels, a condition referred to as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The current study was designed to evaluate the possible neuroprotective potential of MKL methanolic extract in a two vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model of CCH. Rats were divided into memory and learning groups. Each of which was subdivided into sham control, untreated 2VO and MKL treated 2VO subgroups. Morris water maze test was implemented to assess the rats’ cognitive function at the 10th postoperative week. Harvested brain samples were processed for histopathological examination of CA1 hippocampal region using cresyl violet stain. Water maze test findings showed that MKL positively improved 2VO induced memory and learning impairments. However, this relatively improved performance for the MKL treated group was still significantly inferior to that of the control group. Additionally, MKL treated group exhibited insignificant difference in the number of viable hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from that of untreated 2VO group, whereas both MKL treated and untreated 2VO groups showed significantly less viable neurons when compared with control group. It can be concluded that long-term oral MKL treatment did not exert neuroprotective effect to the CA1 hippocampal subfield in the experimental model of neurodegeneration that was induced through CCH. Keywords : Alzheimer, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, neurodegeneration, curry leaves, neuroprotection, memory and learning, hippocampus, rats

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Category 1013

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Health and Allied Sciences

A STUDY OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN METABOLIC SYNDROME  Lwin Htite, Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Aye Win, Biochemistry, Exhibitor : Lwin Htite, Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy

Background review Metabolic syndrome is a collection of signs and/or symptoms occurring in a single person and it are constellation of individual risk factors that in aggregate raise the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). The metabolic risk factors such as high triglycerides (TG), high small low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high blood pressure and high blood glucose taken in aggregate the development of atherosclerosis. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is also one of the major independent risk factor that must be present before the other components of the metabolic syndrome can come into play as atherogenic factors. Objective The objectives of this study were to determine serum concentrations of LDL-C in metabolic syndrome patients and to find out the association of serum LDL-C level and metabolic syndrome patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study. This study included 60 metabolic syndrome patients (22 males and 38 females), age between 40-70 years. In addition to measure LDL-C, base line characteristics (demographic and personal characteristics) data were also collected and components of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (Waist circumference, TG, HDL-C, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose) to identify metabolic syndrome were also measured. LDL-C is estimated by two methods such as calculation method by using Friedewald formula and direct enzymatic method. Results & Conclusion The mean values of Direct LDL and Calculated LDL in male were 158.23 ± 24.61 mg/dl and 153.50 ± 26.64 mg/dl respectively and in females were 160.84 ± 53.86 mg/dl and 156.21 ± 53.11 mg/dl respectively. LDL-C (both Direct and Calculated LDL) in males and females were not significantly difference (P>0.05). Statistically there was also no difference between Calculated LDL and Direct LDL level (P>0.05) in metabolic syndrome patients. Calculated LDL and Direct LDL levels were positively correlated (r = 0.322, p=