lectures\\WSN-Intro-Class

Wireless Sensor Networks CS 4501 Professor Jack Stankovic Department of Computer Science Fall 2010

Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks Self-Organizing

• Sensors • Actuators • CPUs/Memory • Wireless Radio • Power Limited

Mica2 and Mica2Dot • ATMega 128L 8-bit, 8MHz, 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash • Chipcon CC100 multi-channel radio (Manchester encoding, FSK). From 10-20 ft. up to 500-1000ft.

Sensor Board

Exciting Potential • Will affect all our lives! • The next Internet! • MANET (mobility) • WSN (sensing) • Swarms (scale) • Pervasive Computing • Cyber Physical Systems

Wireless

Body Sensor Technology Commercially Available

Galvanic skin response and pressure-sensitive smart shirt that senses anxiety

Sonar Jacket to detect objects for the blind

Climate-sensitive Dress senses levels of CO2

Body Sensor Technology Commercially Available

Pedometer”in Nike shoe gives distance, pace, calories burned during run – interfaces with iPod, iPhone

Heart rate monitors that interface with iPhone

Babyglow clothes change color when your baby has a temperature!

Northface jacket that senses and adjusts body temperature

Exciting Potential • The Internet Gets Physical • “Sensing technologies will be one of the hallmarks of this century” • 1980 => decade of microcomputers • 1990 => decade of the Internet • 2000 => decade of WSN

Global Sensor Networks Programming Station Omnix Physical Network Server

Local Transport Protocol

The Physicalnet Internet Server

Local Transport Protocol

Nodes

Nodes Omnix Physical Network

Purpose of this Course (1) • Learn key ideas, principles, solutions and open research questions • Get you to think differently – – – –

Decentralized algorithms Swarms -> Aggregate behavior Spatial (geographic) – Temporal (real-time) Minimum capacity devices • New system constraints

– Environment interaction • Real-time systems

Purpose of this Course • Hands on experience with WSN • Learn to program such devices/systems

• Practical: Start your own company?

Purpose of Course • More like a real job – Not single topic (let’s study calculus, Java, etc.) • Multi-disciplinary

– Not solely from a textbook • New HW, new language, new tools, new concepts, …

– There will be significant material presented in class that is not in the reading

Course Outline (1) • Introduction – Logistics and Motivation

• Sensors and Hardware • Wireless Communications • How to Program – NesC, TinyOS and TOSSIM

• MAC protocols (B-MAC and MMAC)

Course Outline (2) • Routing (geographic based; multi-hop) – GF, DSR, AODV, DD, SPEED, RAP, IGF

• • • • • •

Clock Synchronization Localization Power Management Programming Abstractions Application to Home Health Care Summary

Logistics • Prerequisites: – Networking (recommended) – OS and architecture helpful – Need to know C (or learn on your own)

• Reading – Text • H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2007.

– Papers from the literature

Logistics • Grading – – – – –

Homework - 10% Exam 1 - 20% Exam 2 - 20% Programming Assignments – 40% Final Homework – 10%

Logistics • Labs (Room 002a) – L0: Intro (no credit, necessary for all labs) • Compile, link, download, run • Mechanics

– – – –

L1: Simple Sensing and Actuating – 10% L2: Wireless Communications – 10% L3: Synchronization – 10% L4: Flash Memory and Queries – 10%

Logistics • Class – M. – W. 2-3:15 • Location – MEC 341

• Office Hours (may change) • By appt • M 1-2 • W 3:30-4:30

• TA – tbd • Web Page

– http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~cs451

Logistics • URL of interest – http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos

More Motivation • 1998

– 100 million processors for workstations – 6.4 billion for embedded systems – approximately - 2% for workstations

• 2006

– approximately 0% for workstations

• Ubiquitous computing (seemless, invisible, pervasive, amorphous, …) – wireless sensor networks

• HP Announces – trillions of sensors to create a worldwide central nervous system

The field is exploding

Application Spectrum Interactive VR Game Environmental Monitoring

Wearable Computing

Disaster Recovery

Earth Science & Exploration

Transportation

Wireless Sensor Networks

Hazard Detection

Military Surveillance

Context-Aware Computing Biological Monitoring Smart Environment

Medical Domain

Urban Warfare

More Applications • Location Services • RFID • Integrate mobile phones, RFID, sensor nets, Internet • Universal Device (mobile phone with sensors, computing, …) ?? • Cyber Physical Systems