Legal age limits for buying alcohol

January 6, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Science, Health Science, Pediatrics
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Legal age limits for buying alcohol Peter Anderson MD, MPH, PhD Professor, Substance Use, Policy and Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, England Professor, Alcohol and Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands Amsterdam 30 May 2013

At the end of 2011, in the Netherlands, 20 14-15 year old ‘mystery’ shoppers each made 10 different purchase attempts with the instructions to go and buy beer (legal purchase age 16 years).

Source: van Hoof & Gosselt 2013

All 14-15 year olds were able to buy alcohol, for 75% of the time at their first attempt, taking less than 10 minutes to do so.

Source: van Hoof & Gosselt 2013

In this presentation, we will consider: 1.Adolescent drinking 2.Policy measures to reduce adolescent drinking 3.Legal age limits for buying alcohol

In this presentation, we will consider: 1.Adolescent drinking 2.Policy measures to reduce adolescent drinking 3.Legal age limits for buying alcohol

Adolescent drinking 1. ESPAD data

Use of alcohol by 15-16 year olds during the past 30 days. ESPAD survey from 36 European countries. Averages for all countries in each of 5 time points, and for 18 countries with data across all 5 time points. Source: Hibell et al 2012

% of 15-16 year olds reporting drinking 5+ drinks on at least one occasion during the past 30 days. ESPAD survey from 36 European countries. Averages for all countries in each of 5 time points, and for 14 countries with data across all 5 time points. Source: Hibell et al 2012

Adolescent drinking 1. ESPAD data 2. Brain structure

A systematic review identified 5 studies in the age range 14-21 years 7 studies in the age range 22-40 years that related brain structure to heavy drinking.

Source: Welch et al 2013

There are both similarities and differences when comparing brain structural abnormalities in adolescents and young adults. Women of both groups exhibit prefrontal volume reduction, with prefrontal white matter reduction particularly pronounced in female adolescents. Adolescents of both genders exhibit lower hippocampal volume, whereas reduced corpus callosal area was only reported in young adults.

That any brain structural differences are more consistently found in the adolescents compared with young adults is surprising. The young adult group will have been drinking for longer and have consumed more alcohol, so if brain structural differences reflected a direct exposure-response effect, they would be greater in this group.

That the opposite is seen suggests that alcohol may be interacting with maturational processes specific to late adolescence.

White matter integrity (higher diffusivity, poorer integrity) in adolescents, mean age 18 years, followed-up for 18 months by number of days alcohol used over 18 months Source: Bava et al 2013

Adolescent drinking 1. ESPAD data 2. Brain structure 3. Consequences

Alcohol use and problems amongst 29,445 Australians surveyed in 2004 Source: Livingstone & Room 2009

Source: Livingstone & Room 2009

Source: Livingstone & Room 2009

Source: Livingstone & Room 2009

Adolescent drinking 1. 2. 3. 4.

ESPAD data Brain structure Consequences Problematic drinking in later life

Light drinker age 16

Heavy drinker at age 16

Grams alcohol/previous week

120 100 80 60

40 20 0 Age 26

Age 30

Age 34

1970 British cohort study of 17,000 people. Alcohol (g) consumed during previous week at ages 26, 30 and 34 years by whether light or heavy drinker at age 16 years. Source: Finlay & Flanagan 2013

3 2.5 2

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