lessons - History @ St Benets

Paper One – 2 Hours The Big Picture

Welcome back! Objectives  To be introduced to Paper One  To have an overview of the two areas of content  To be introduced to the Paper One exam paper

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Paper One – 2 Hours The Big Picture Part One – 50 mins Section B – The Cold War 1945 -75 Who was to blame for the Cold War? Who won the Cuban Missile Crisis? Why did the USA fail in Vietnam?

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Part Two 70 mins Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918 Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890– 1914? Why did the First World War break out in 1914? What happened on the Western Front? How important were the other fronts?

Paper One – Part One The Big Picture 50 mins Section B – The Cold War 1945 -75 Who was to blame for Who won the Cuban Why did the USA fail in the Cold War? Missile Crisis? Vietnam? Why did the USA-USSR How did the USA react to Why did the USA get alliance begin to break the Cuban Revolution? increasingly involved in down in 1945? Why did Khrushchev put Vietnam? How had the USSR gained missiles into Cuba? What were the different control of Eastern Europe Why did Kennedy react as ways that the USA and the by 1948? he did? Communists fought the How did the USA react to Who won the Cuban war? Soviet expansionism? Missile Crisis? Whose tactics were the Who was more to blame most effective – the USA’s for the start of the Cold or the Communists’? War, the USA or the USSR? Why did the USA withdraw from Vietnam?

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Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918 Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? Did the Alliance System make war more likely? How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers? Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation? Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14?

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Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated? How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war? How far were the actions of Austria-Hungary, Britain, Germany and Russia responsible for the outbreak of war? How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war?

What happened on the Western Front?

How important were the other fronts?

Why did the war get bogged down in the trenches? What was living and fighting in the trenches like? How far did General Haig mismanage the Battle of the Somme? How important were new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas? What was the importance of America’s entry into the war? Why did Germany agree to an armistice in 1918?

Who won the war at sea? What happened in the Gallipoli campaign of 1915? Why was Russia defeated in 1918?

Using the sources complete your single bubble What can you learn about the Causes of World War One?

What can you learn about the Causes of World War One?

Using the sources complete your single bubble What can you learn about the Causes of World War One?

What can you learn about the Cuban Missile Crisis?

British Government Poster produced in 1914

What is the message? Nature Origin

Purpose

MESSAGE

Own Knowledge

British Government Poster produced in 1914

Nature of the source The purpose is A Speech A cartoon An official report

An obituary Campaign poster

Propaganda poster A Memoir A Table of statistics A letter A textbook photograph

More useful because

Limited in its use because

British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith's Address to Parliament, 6 August 1914 With the utmost reluctance and with infinite regret, His Majesty's Government have been compelled to put this country in a state of war with what for many years and indeed generations past has been a friendly Power. The Papers which have since been presented to Parliament will, I think, show how strenuous, how unremitting, how persistent, even when the last glimmer of hope seemed to have faded away, were the efforts of my right hon. Friend the Foreign Secretary (note: Sir Edward Grey) to secure for Europe an honourable and a lasting peace.

A Speech

Despite his ultimate victory, he is held responsible for the deaths of half a million British troops by some and accused of an unimaginative and out-dated approach to combat. Historians will continue to debate Field Marshal Haig's leadership – from his persistence with cavalry, to the introduction of army dentists – with an interminability akin to the Great War itself. When he was given a state funeral at Westminster Abbey, The Times wrote: "Great crowds lined the streets ... come to do honour to the chief who had sent thousands to the last sacrifice when duty called for it, but whom his war-worn soldiers loved as their truest advocate and friend.“

Extract from Douglas Haig’s Obituary

A Police Report on the effects of an air raid in June 1917 (official report) Air Raid 13th June 1917

A British cartoon

Summary of available information Time Place Bombs Casualties dropped 10.45pm Kent Essex 25 Killed Injured 11.30pm and London 85 425 Notes Casualty numbers are believed to be correct but additional information may emerge in the next day or two

Damage 120 houses Iron foundry Liverpool Street Station

Recollections of a wartime women worker in an engineering works. From Howard Martin, Britain since 1800: Towards the Welfare State’ 1988

‘None of the men spoke to me, and they would give me no help as to where to find things. My drawer was nailed up, and oil was poured over everything through a

crack.’ A

Memoir

Total Country Mobilized Forces

Killed

Prisoners Casualties Total Wounded and as % of Casualties Missing Forces

ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS Russia

12,000,0 1,700,00 4,950,00 2,500,00 9,150,00 00 0 0 0 0

76.3

British Empire

8,904,46 7

2,090,21 2

191,652

3,190,23 5

35.8

France

8,410,00 1,357,80 4,266,00 0 0 0

537,000

6,160,80 0

73.3

United States

4,355,00 0

4,500

323,018

7.1

908,371

116,516

204,002

A table of statistics –showing casualties in WW1

Propaganda poster

Today we had an interesting time. About 12 cars left here about 1:30 p.m. yesterday, Thursday, & went up towards the front, en route got orders to return to a town of some size 25k away & take wounded from that town to another fair sized town at 18-20k distance. It was a glorious sunny & mild day, a pretty run & we got into the first town about 4 p.m. or a bit earlier. All the population & many soldiers turned out to see us as no English convoy had ever been there, the female population in great voice & sweet smiles. We pulled up in main street & just about same time a German Taube flew up & over the town.

A letter sent from the Western Front

A textbook

A photograph, Gas attach WW1

What is the purpose? Answer this question: aim for ½ side The purpose of this source is …

This is supported by evidence from the source such as … (aim for 2 and explain)

My own knowledge supports this because … (what do you already know that the source does not tell you? Aim for 2 and explain)

Paper One – 2 Hours The Big Picture

Using the Big Picture handout chose a topic that stands out of being of interest, using the textbooks research this topic Produce a poster to illustrate the topic you may only use 5 words on your poster You will need to present your poster to the class in 20 minutes Have fun

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Paper One – 2 Hours The Big Picture What do you think the soldiers in this picture were doing ?

One hour before?

One hour later?

One day before?

One day later?

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What causes War?

List five reasons why you think a country might go to war Compare the list with your neighbour Combine your lists to come up with 3 agreed reasons to feedback to the class

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

What was the trigger? Which of these are likely to have killed 20 million people by starting World War I

1. A man takes a wrong turning in a car. 2.A battleship is sunk. 3.The leader of one country insults the people of another.

4.An army moves across a border. 5.A bomb is dropped. www.historytl.com

Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? Did the Alliance System make war more likely? How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers? Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation? Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14?

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Long term causes of tension before the outbreak of World War One Increased rivalry over navies and Empires, Britain and Germany Increased tension over the Balkans between Austria and Russia as the power of Turkey declines Increased build up of arms from all powers resulting in an Arms race 1905/6The Morocco Crisis

1871 Germany takes the region of Alsace Lorraine from France

1839 The Treaty of London, between Britain and Belgium

1907Triple Entente signed

1906 Britain builds the 1st Dreadnought

1882The Triple Alliance formed

1908 Germany builds a Dreadnought

1904 Entente Cordial signed between Britain and France

Pre 1900

1900 1892 FrancoRussian Alliance formed

1911The Agadir Crisis (Morocco)

1905

1908Austria 1910 annexed Bosnia to her Empire

1912 1st Balkan War

1915 WAR !

1905 Germany writes Schlieffen Plan 1909 Russia begins to build up her army in case of war

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1913 2nd Balkan War

France prepares Plan 17 to recapture Alsace Lorraine Britain creates BEF in case of European War

28th June 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Did the Alliance System make war more likely? Objectives  To be introduced to the rival Alliances  To understand and evaluate the relative geographical positions of the Alliances  To begin to investigate reasons for tension between the Alliances

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Did the Alliance System make war more likely?

Complete your blank map showing the Two Alliances

Complete - The fact that European countries were in two alliances made war more/less likely because…….. Which Alliance is better postioned geographically? How would you feel if you were the Triple Alliance? www.historytl.com

Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Which Alliance is better geographically positioned?

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Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Did the Alliance System make war more likely?

Complete your blank map showing the Two Alliances Use the sheet to read about each country, what reasons can you find why one country may want to go to war with another one?

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Europe In 1914

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Europe in 1914 Seating Plan

Britain Eleanor A Hollie B Alex B

France Tamur Georgia Autumn

Russia Rebecca Jessica R Joe

Kai Grace Chelsea

Austria Eleanor M Donovan James

Serbia Emily Holly W Jessica Y

Britain

Europe in 1914 Seating Plan Russia

Cameron Daniel Caryl Euan

Gemma Bethany R Klaudia Verity

Dominique Sophie George Verina Finlay

France Dylan william Kasia Reece Alex

Serbia Austria David Bethaney L Jessica Georgia Matthew

Isabella Simra Leona Matthew

Britain

Europe in 1914 Seating Plan Russia

James A Grace Adam Fran

Arron Alisha Zoe Matthew Josh M

George Tom Charlotte H Charlie Charlotte P

France

Robert Erin Courtney Ben

Serbia

Austria Leah Ross Elliot M Eve

Louis Paddy Elliot T Josh W

Britain

Europe in 1914 Seating Plan Russia

Amelia Maggie Millie S

Elliot Kamil Johnny

Germany Jamie Zac Kyle Sheldon

France

Tom Bobby Daniel

Serbia

Austria Ciara Georgina Megan

Milly C Niamh Abbie

Europe in 1914

http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/F/firstworldwar/img/maps/map1.2.jpg

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Which ALLIANCE is which?

Fill in the sheets for each country as you move around the room Country Name: Main Aim: Who stands in the way of this? Why?

Any other aims or worries?

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Anthems etc… • • • • • • • • • •

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHDxUvDXFqg Germany http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw0jvqx1mNU Mars, Bringer of War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuV8Kgm5Tu8 Russia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kVj1vGJ2s France http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MG27BKwjaI I Vow to thee, my country (I can’t stand God Save the Queen – it’s a durge!)

• • •

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWE76uSCh5U Serbia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbBP5KPCRTk&feature=PlayList&p=53E25DDB 44778FF1&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=4 Mission Impossible theme

•

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So, what is the situation in Europe at this time….? • What are some of the possible causes for WWI? • So, as with any event the causes need a “trigger” to set the event going. • You are now “representing” the country on your table • Think about the main aims and worries you have… www.historytl.com

What if? Stand up if your country would join in 1. Germany attacks UK? 2. Germany attacks France? 3. Russia attacks Germany? (Remember: France and UK will only support Russia if Russia didn’t start the fight!) 4. Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia?

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Europe In 1914

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Where is the Tension? Use the information on pages 213 and 214 to show the causes of tension between the Countries, there may not be a cause for every box. When you have finished highlight the box which you think has the most tension in it?

Country

Germany

Britain

France

Russia

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these examples of tension lead to an arms race?

AustriaHungary

Italy

Explain why there was tension in Europe before 1914 One reason is This caused tension because

Another reason is This caused tension because A final reason is This caused tension because

6 marks Half a side Give 3 causes and explain why each of them caused tension

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

The Tension builds – The Arms Race Objectives To understand the term Arms race

To investigate the relative strengths of the Alliances To apply this knowledge to source questions

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

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1. The strongest country in 1914 was _____________. My evidence for this is ______________________ _____ this shows they are strong because __________________. Also … (repeat with new evidence)

2. The strongest alliance in 1914 was _____________. My evidence for this is ______________________ _____ this shows they are strong because __________________. Also … (repeat with new evidence) 3. Kaiser Wilhelm and George V DID/DID NOT have a reason to be jealous because __________________ and _______________

Source A – ‘The Arms race in which all major powers were involved contributed to a sense that war was bound to come, and soon. Financing it caused serious financial difficulties for all the governments involved in the race; and yet they were convinced there was no way of stopping it. Although publically the Arms Race was justified to prevent war, no government had in fact been deterred from arming by the programmes of their rivals, but rather increased the pace of their own armament production.

James Joll, Origins of The First world War, 1922. Joll is a well respected British Historian with expert knowledge of this topic

What is the message of source A? Source B

1900

1910

1914

France

0.7m

0.8m

5.0m

Britain

0.6m

0.55m

0.25

Russia

1.1m

1.3m

6.0m

Austria

0.25m

0.3m

3.0m

Germany

0.5m

0.7m

4.9m

Italy

0.25

0.3m

0.75m

Source C – in Molke’s opinion there was no alternative to making preventative war in order to defeat the enemy while we still had a chance of victory….I pointed that out that the Kaiser…would only agree to fight if our enemies forced war upon us…Written by Gottlieb Von Jagow, the German Foreign Secretary, May 1914. He was writing from memory soon after the war ended.

The arms build up, the military personal.

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Which source is more useful B or C?

The Tension builds – The Arms Race What is the message of source A? Source A – ‘The Arms race in which all major powers were involved contributed to a sense that war was bound to come, and soon. Financing it caused serious financial difficulties for all the governments involved in the race; and yet they were convinced there was no way of stopping it. Although publically the Arms Race was justified to prevent war, no government had in fact been deterred from arming by the programmes of their rivals, but rather increased the pace of their own armament production. James Joll, Origins of The First world War, 1922. Joll is a well respected British Historian with expert knowledge of this topic

The message of the source is … My evidence from the source to support this is … (this is how it supports the message… explain)

And … My own knowledge supports this because… (this is how it supports the message …explain)

And…

Aim for 2-3 source details + 2-3 own knowledge details

The Tension builds – The Arms Race Which source is more useful B or C? Source B

1900

1910

1914

France

0.7m

0.8m

5.0m

Britain

0.6m

0.55m

0.25

Russia

1.1m

1.3m

6.0m

Austria

0.25m

0.3m

3.0m

Germany

0.5m

0.7m

4.9m

Italy

0.25

0.3m

0.75m

The arms build up, the military personal.

Source C – in Molke’s opinion there was no alternative to making preventative war in order to defeat the enemy while we still had a chance of victory….I pointed that out that the Kaiser…would only agree to fight if our enemies forced war upon us…Written by Gottlieb Von Jagow, the German Foreign Secretary, May 1914. He was writing from memory soon after the war ended.

The most useful source is source ___ because … The source is useful as … (Use NOP) The evidence in the source is useful because … My own knowledge supports this because … Source __(the other one)_ is less useful because …

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers? Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?

Objectives To understand the geographical placing To investigate answers to the key questions To evaluate the level of tension in Europe by 1914

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Map of British Empire

Why might an increase in the German Empire increase tension with Britain? Map of the German Empire

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Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers?

Under the tile – The Morocco Crisis 1905 Explain what happened in 1905 Explain what the result was of this? Repeat this for 1911 Looking at both examples, how has these examples increased the tension in Europe and the likelihood of war?

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

What is the message of this source? Nature Origin

Purpose

MESSAGE

Own Knowledge

Always answer these source questions by following 1 Answer the question 2 Support with direct reference to the source 3 Place in context using your own knowledge www.historytl.com

Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Answering source questions Minimum half a side on lined A4 paper Answer the exact question Support with evidence from the source , at least two specific references Support with own knowledge, at least two specific details that place the source in context. Use the date to help you explain what is going on. Structure The message is… Evidence from the source that support s this is…. My own knowledge supports this as Example The message is that Britain and France are happy together as they have defeated Germany’s plans concerning Morocco in 1905 and left Germany angry. Evidence from the source that supports this message is that Britain and France are shown as two people dancing together as a couple; France is shown as a woman with France written on her hat. This shows that Britain and France have worked well together. Germany is drawn as a pantomime villain and has a clock, looking angry in the background, showing they are not part of the decisions. The character of Germany says’ foiled but our time will come’ showing that they are angry. My own knowledge supports this as the cartoon is dated 1905 and is referring to the first Morocco crisis. Germany had made a speech supporting Morocco’s independence as the French were looking to take over. At the following conference Germany were humiliated and France and Britain agreed to work closely together as shown in the cartoon. Two years later they would sign the Triple Entente.

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?

The Balkans had become an increasingly unstable area because –  Many different nationalities were mixed together The area had been ruled by Turkey for many years but now Turkey’s power was in decline, others look to step in The new governments that were set up instead of Turkish rule were in disagreement with each other Two great powers, Russia and Austria bordered counties in this region. Both want to control the area and gain more access to the Mediterranean Sea. Tension grew worse in 1908 when Austria annexed (took over) Bosnia.  Russia supported this move if they gained access to sea routes. Russia did not get this and was left humiliated.  Bosnia had many Serbs leaving there, Serbia was not happy and looked to free Bosnia from Austrian rule  (look out there’s a Black Hand about!!)  Two Balkan Wars followed in 1912 and 1913, an increasingly unstable region with Russia and Austria eyeing up the region! www.historytl.com

Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? List 3 reasons the Balkans were an unstable area: • • • Explain why the Balkans led to tension between the Alliances (6 marks) Give three clear reasons One reason is

because

Another reason is because My final reason is

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? What is the message of this source? (6 marks)

The message of the source is … There is evidence in the source to support this such as …

And … My own knowledge supports this because … And …

French cartoon from 1908, showing the expansion of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. The Emperor of Austria-Hungary and Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria are tearing apart the Turkish Empire.

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Exam Practise Question C – The following contributed equally to the increasing tension between the great Powers before 1914:

How would you create a quick plan for this answer?

i) The actions of the Kaiser in Morocco ii) Events in Bosnia in 1908-9 How far do you agree with this statement? Structure for answer Paragraph – Explain how the actions of the Kaiser in Morocco increased tension Paragraph explain how events in Bosnia in 1908 increased tension Conclusion – Do you agree they were equally important? Yes/No and why

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Topic Reflection – why was there so much tension? Objectives  To review the causes of tension in Europe  To prioritize the causes of tension  To look forward as to why the War might start

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Exam Practise Describe the systems of Alliances in Europe before 1914. (4 marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. Explain why there was so much tension in Europe before 1914? (6 marks) 1. 2. 3.

Exam Practise ‘The Arms Race was the most important cause of World War One’ How far do you agree with this statement? (10 marks) Paragraph to agree 1. 2. Paragraph to disagree – give other causes! 1. 2. Conclusion – what judgement have you reached?

Exam Practise Why was this source published in 1912?

The source was published in 1912 because … The source supports this because… And… My own knowledge supports this because … And …

Exam Practise How far does this source explain why colonial troubles caused tension in Europe? The source explains why colonial troubles caused tension in Europe because … The source supports this because… And… My own knowledge supports this because … And … However the source does not tell us the whole story because…

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

Topic Reflection – why was there so much tension?

M A I

N

DRAW YOUR OWN DIAGRAM FOR REVISION AND USING THE BOOKS ADD 2 EXAMPLES OF EACH

What was the trigger? Which of these are likely to have killed 20 million people by starting World War I

1. A man takes a wrong turning in a car. 2.A battleship is sunk. 3.The leader of one country insults the people of another.

4.An army moves across a border. 5.A bomb is dropped. www.historytl.com

What happened on the Western Front?

A Review Organise your notes – making sure that all of your work is up to date, stuck in and the contents page is filled in Review your notes – Decide on What question would you still like to ask What are the three most important facts to remember? What was the most interesting thing you have discovered? What three skills will you need to do well in the exam

Design a 5 minute revision activity on this topic Swap activities with your neighbour, do the activity and give them feedback on how useful it is Be ready to share your examples with the group

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?

How can we apply this knowledge? Objectives  To attempt exam questions  To peer mark exam questions  To write tips for exam answers

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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

What is the message of this cartoon – Use the Cartoon and your own knowledge to explain your answer

 The message of the source is……..  Two or Three details from the actual source that provide the message  Two or Three points placing the source in context (contextual knowledge)

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The Alliances in 1914

Russia

Great Britain

France

Germany

Serbia

Great Britain

Austria- Hungary

Germany