Lifetime Health Ch 21

Chapter 21

HIV and AIDS Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

What’s your Health IQ?

TRUE / FALSE You can tell if a person is infected with HIV by looking at them.

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FALSE! •It can take years to show the first symptoms of an HIV infection. •An infected person can carry and spread the disease to others during this time. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

What’s your Health IQ?

TRUE / FALSE If you drink from a water fountain after a person who’s infected with HIV, you are at risk of becoming infected. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

FALSE! HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact, such as drinking from water fountains, holding hands, hugging, “basic” kissing, etc.

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Chapter 21

What’s your Health IQ?

TRUE / FALSE If you donate blood at a school blood drive (or at the South TX Blood and Tissue Center) you are at risk of becoming infected with HIV / AIDS. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

FALSE! Sterile, single-use needles are used during blood donations in the U.S., so blood donors are not at risk of HIV infection. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

What’s your Health IQ?

TRUE / FALSE Most people who are infected with HIV know it and will warn others.

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FALSE! Many HIV-infected people are unaware of their infection and therefore cannot warn anyone else.

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ATTENTION STUDENTS: TAKE NOTES ON THE INFORMATION IN RED Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

HIV and AIDS Contents Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

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Chapter 21

Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

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Chapter 21

Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

What Are HIV and AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): • the virus that destroys the immune system • the virus that causes AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): • People with AIDS cannot fight off illnesses that a healthy immune system could normally defeat (opportunistic infections)

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Chapter 21

Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

HIV Around the World • AIDS is a pandemic, a disease that spreads quickly through human populations all over the world.

• More than 20 million people have died from AIDS since HIV was first discovered around 30 years ago. • AIDS is the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (southern half of the continent).

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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

HIV in the United States • CDC (2008) estimates that: • ~56,300 new HIV infections every year in the U.S. (about full capacity of the Alamo Dome) • >1,000,000 people are currently living with HIV / AIDS in the U.S. • ~25% of these are undiagnosed and/or unaware of their infection! •CDC estimated 36,828 deaths in the U.S. in 2006

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Statistics (CDC)

Estimated New HIV Infections, by Age, 2006

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1987

2007

1997

In 2007: 62,714 Texans were living with HIV/AIDS (Texas Department of Health)

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Chapter 21

Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

Teens and HIV • Teens, especially female minorities, are among the fastest-growing groups to become infected with HIV. • Over 10,000 teens have been diagnosed with HIV in the United States. More than 4,000 of these have developed AIDS. • HIV is rising in teens because many teens do not take the risks of HIV and AIDS seriously, and engage in high-risk behaviors.

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Chapter 21

AIDS STATISTICS (2002-2003)

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Chapter 21 STATE NEW YORK CALIFORINA FLORIDA 4. TEXAS NEW JERSEY ILLINOIS PENNSYLVANIA GEORGIA MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS

2002 6,741 4,228 4,979 3,076 1,456 2,111 1,789 1,471 1,848 808

2003 6,684 5,903 4,666 3,379 1,516 1,730 1,895 1,907 1570 757

TOTAL 162,446 133,292 94,725 62,983 46,703 30,139 29,988 27,915 26,918 18,525

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Chapter 21 STATE

2002

2003

TOTAL

NORTH DAKOTA

3

3

115

SOUTH DAKOTA

11

13

218

WYOMING

11

8

212

MONTANA

17

7

366

VERMONT

12

16

457

TOTALS

42,336

43,704

872,629

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Chapter 21

COUNTY HARRIS

TOTAL 20,139

DALLAS

12,810

3. BEXAR TRAVIS TARRANT EL PASO TOTAL

4,255 3,921 3,414 1,276 60,078

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Chapter 21

WHEN? 1981—AIDS was first discovered

WHERE?

UCLA Medical Center

WHAT?

A rare pneumonia known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) was occurring more frequently than before. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

1981 AIDS was first discovered 1983 HIV was discovered to be the CAUSE of AIDS 1985 First HIV test developed NOW Test of saliva for HIV antibodies reveals results in 20 minutes Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

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Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

How HIV Infects the Body 1. Helper T-cells are invaded by HIV 2. Invaded T cell is used to replicate many more copies of HIV, killing the host T cell in the process

3. Bodies’ T cell count drops, weakening immune system 4. Body loses its ability to fight off infections, cancer, etc

5. An opportunistic infection infects the person, resulting in severe illness or death.

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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

THREE Ways That HIV IS Spread 1. during sexual activity, which includes vaginal, oral, and anal sex, with an infected person 2. through drug use with an infected person (sharing needles or other paraphernalia) 3. from an infected mother to her infant before or during the birth process or by breast-feeding.

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Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

Ways That HIV Is NOT Spread 1. casual contact, including shaking hands, holding hands, kissing, hugging, or playing sports with an infected person

2. sharing bathroom facilities, drinking glasses, or eating utensils

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Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

Teens at Risk for HIV (FACTS) • Almost a 1/3 of the 40+ million people living with HIV/AIDS are teens or young adults. • AIDS is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States for people between 15 and 24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

Teens at Risk for HIV • How do you know if you are at risk of HIV? If you take part in any behavior that could put you at risk, then you are at risk. • The only sure way to know if you are infected with HIV is an HIV test. If you think you are at risk, GET TESTED. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

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Chapter 21

Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

Preventing HIV and AIDS • The first step in preventing AIDS is to be educated about HIV and AIDS. • The only way to eliminate the risks of HIV and AIDS is to avoid risky behaviors. • Practice abstinence • Avoid multiple partners • Don’t share needles or other injection equipment • Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

Preventing HIV and AIDS Universal precautions are a set of procedures used to avoid contact with bodily fluids and reduce the risk of spreading HIV and other diseases: • Latex gloves • Goggles / face shields • Gowns

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Chapter 21

Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

Treating HIV and AIDS • No cure exists for HIV and AIDS. • Treatment can help an infected person survive longer. • Drugs for treating HIV: • are often not covered by traditional insurance plans • can have severe side effects • can lose their effectiveness over time • are expensive (sometimes >$1,000/month) • require diligence and commitment (many pills) Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 21

Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

Living with HIV Infection • Most HIV-infected people in the early phases can do almost everything they did before they got infected. • People infected with HIV must avoid participating in activities that could expose others to HIV. • Maintaining good health through treatment, diet, exercise, and rest help delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. • Many HIV-infected people become activists for HIV/AIDS prevention or help other infected people.

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End of Chapter 21

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