A possible way out: An European Youth Guarantee?
Massimiliano Mascherini
[email protected]
Youth unemployment rate Nov. 12 23.7% ≈ 5.7 million NEETs Not in Employment Education or Training 7.5 million aged 15-24 6.4 million aged 25-29
14 million = 7 Member States
Consequences of youth disengagement from labour market have a cost for the individual and the society!
2011 Foregone Earnings and unpaid taxes
Excess of welfare transfer
€ 153,013,053,902 ≈ 1.2% of EU GDP Source: Eurofound
EU Member States actively engaged in designing and implementing measures aimed at re-integrating young people into labour market. MEASURES WHICH INTERVENE BEFORE RISK FACTORS OCCUR
Measures aiming to prevent early school leaving (ESL)
MEASURES WHICH AIM TO GET YOUNG PEOPLE BACK INTO EDUCATION / TRAINING
Measures aiming to reintegrate early school leavers
MEASURES TO FACILITATE THE TRANSITION TO EMPLOYMENT
Measures to facilitate the transition from school to work
(TRAINING) MEASURES WHICH AIM TO ENHANCE YOUNG PEOPLE'S EMPLOYABILITY
Measures to foster employability among young people
Evaluating effectiveness is challenging Hard to indicate most successful approach.
MEASURES TO HELP GROUPS AT A SPECIFIC DISADVANTAGE ON THE LABOUR MARKET
Measures to remove practical / logistical barriers and employer incentives
Youth Guarantee
General agreement on value of youth guarantee in integrating young people into labour market, avoiding long-term consequences of unemployment Finnish Youth Guarantee Tailored Approach: PES to carry out a needs assessment and develop a personal development plan for the jobseeker
The guarantee: Offer of a job, a study place or another activation measure
In 2010 the intervention was successfully delivered to approximately the 80% of participants.
Youth Guarantee
Typically provides tailored services that help young people to make more informed decisions about their transition to work. The guarantee is targeted on the needs of the jobseeker. Encourages immediate action to address youth unemployment, before disengagement ‘sets in’
Young people are not left alone and it is helpful to re-build young people’s trust in institutions The time of intervention is crucial and it has been found to be more effective with those ‘ready-to-work’ The need to place young people on long term pathways, avoiding shortterm solutions
Youth Guarantee
Youth guarantee alone does not solve the structural problems of labour market access of young people
The success of youth guarantees is highly dependent on other public policies in place, i.e. apprenticeships, traineeships, and on the infrastructure of the public employment services and their capacity of delivering ad-hoc tailored support to young people.
This is essential in the framework of an European Youth Guarantee
Transferability of Youth Guarantee
Cost
Estimating the cost of the implementation of the Youth guarantee is very hard and depends on the level of readiness of the country Tailored Approach: re-organization of the infrastructure of Public Employment Service, Implementation of new services for youth. Delivery of the guarantee: re-organization and improvement or implementation of new education/training places; apprenticeships and internships.
I.L.O. estimation is 21 billion. Eurofound will conduct an exercise on the transferability of youth guarantee for few countries later on this year.
Steps Forward
153billion Euro/14 Million: This is the cost of inaction. 15% of NEETs
23 billion Euro
Essential to learn good practices one from each other. Member States should adapt good practices to their national context when thinking to the transferability of these policies.
An investment on youth guarantee is a long term investment. Whose returns goes beyond the economic dimension and includes the social dimension, having a positive impact on the future of our societies
Time to Act! What happens if we fail in re-integrating young people into the labour market? We cannot afford to lose a generation!
Our recent publications NEETs – Young people not in employment, education or training: Characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/54/en/1/EF1254EN.pdf Youth Guarantee: Experiences from Finland and Sweden http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/42/en/1/EF1242EN.pdf Effectiveness of policy measures to increase the employment participation of young people http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/60/en/1/EF1260EN.pdf
Recent policy developments related to those not in employment, education and training (NEETs) http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/docs/erm/tn1109042s/tn1109042s.pdf Active inclusion of young people with disabilities or health problems http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/26/en/1/EF1226EN.pdf
