Mobile and Pervasive Computing

SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications -- Overview •Framework for discussion •Business drivers: M-Business, MGovernment, M-Life •Mobile Applications Platforms to support mobile commerce Wireless middleware

Wireless Networks

Cellular networks: from 1 to 3G Networks Wireless LANs Satellites

Amjad Umar Amjad Umar

Overview •Growing rapidly with many diverse applications •Many strengths but a few weaknesses •Different aspects of mobility: •People (customers, suppliers, employees) •Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA, sensors) •Networks: wireless •Mobile devices and wireless networks are not always same Mobile Devices

Wireless Networks

Sample Applications

No

No

Stationary workstations in office

No

Yes

Wireless LANs to connect office workers in an unwired building

Yes

No

Using a portable computer in a hotel or conference room

Yes

Yes

Cellular phones, Palm Pilots, portable offices,

Amjad Umar

The Jargon

M-Business, M-Government M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal Symbian WAP

MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW

Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA

Amjad Umar

Framework for Discussion Drivers Mobile Business, Government, and Life

•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Mobile Computing Applications

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

•Architectures and Integration •Wireless Security

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops) Enablers Amjad Umar

•Management and Support

Mobile Computing Applications • Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of – Customers – Suppliers and Businesses – Employees • Mobile computing applications – Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS) – Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants • Positional commerce (p-commerce) . • Voice commerce (v-commerce). • Television commerce (T-Commerce)

– Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal – Specialized applications • Location sensitive apps • Wireless sensor network apps • Mobile agent apps

• Two views: – Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications. – Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications Amjad Umar

Mobile Computing Applications Categorization

B2B

C2B, B2C

B2E, E2B Business

Consumer

Employees

B2G, G2B

C2G, G2C Citizens

E2G, G2E Government G2G

Amjad Umar

Employees

Mobile Computing Platforms Server (Web Server, eMail server, Mainframe)

Mobile Device (Cell Phone, PDA, Pocket PC) Application

Application

Middleware Services Local Platform Services

Network Transport Services

Mobile Computing Platform

Middleware Services Local Platform Services

Physical Wireless Network (Antennas, Transceivers, Base Stations, Cellular Networks, 802.11 LANs, Satellites) Amjad Umar

Network Transport Services

Internet as the Network Platform www.sun.com arts.um.edu 108.2.11.7

75.10.17.3

IP WAN3 IP

www.IBM.com

WAN2

Switch /Gateway

cs.um.edu 108.2.11.5

75.10.17.1

Switch/Gateway Switch/Gateway IP WAN1

Bank1.co..uk

(Typically ATM,

83.13.17.3

Frame Relay,

Level3.co..uk

X.25)

83.13.17.4

•DNS (Domain Name Services) translates cs.um.edu to 108.2.11.5 •Telnet cs.um.edu = Telnet 108.2.11.5 •FTP cs.um.edu = FTP 108.2.11.5 Amjad Umar

Wireless Web Wireless Browser 4 Wireless Network

Wireless Gateway

http 5

Web Server

2

1 Web Browser

http over wired Internet

3 Web Gateway

Content (XML/HTML)

Back-end Systems and Darabases

1. Access from Web browser to Web Server over wired Internet 2. Access to Web contents from HTML/XML files 3. Access to non-Web content through a Web gateway 4. Access from cellular phone over a wireless network 5. Access from wireless gateway to Web Server over wired Internet Amjad Umar

WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)

•Intended for data entry/display on cellular phones •“An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly.” www.wapforum.org •Complete protocol stack similar to Internet protocols but optimized for wireless information pull and push transport layer and above; across multiple wireless technologie

Amjad Umar

WIRELESS NETWORKS Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms • Cellular networks – 1G to 5G

• • • • •

Wireless LANs (802.11) Bluetooth Satellite systems Fixed Wireless Local loops Mobile Adhoc Networks Amjad Umar

Wireless Networks

Wireless MANs

Wireless LANs

Personal Area Networks

Business LANs

Example1: Bluetooth 1 Mbps, 10 Meters

Example1: 802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters

Other examples: wireless sensor networks, UWB

Other examples: 802.11g, HiperLAN2

Wireless WANs

Cellular Networks

Wireless Local Loops (Fixed Wireless)

Example1: LMDS 37 Mbps, 2-4 Km Example2: FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM

Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage

Amjad Umar

Satellite Systems

Example1: Motorola Iridium up to 64 Mbps globally Example 2: Deep space communication

Paging Networks

Example1: FLEX, 1.2 Kbps Example2: ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps

Wired

Local Area Networks (LANs)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Wired LANs

Wired MANs

Wired WANs

Ethernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to 500 meters)

FDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)

ATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps) Frame Relay (44 Mbps)

Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to 500 meters) Wireless

Wireless LANs

Wireless MANs

Wireless WANs

Bluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters)

wireless local loops (10 Mbps, 100 Kilometers)

Current GSM systems at 9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2 Mbps

IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps, 100 meters)

Issues unique to wireless •Frequency allocation •Multiple Access •Location

Amjad Umar

A Sample Wireless School Link to Public Ethernet C T1 or DSL

D

LAN Server Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

Z

Y

Router

Centrex

Wired Ethernet LAN •X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs •A, B, C, D are student laptops

Wireless LAN Cell

X A

B Amjad Umar

Bluetooth • Founders: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba; May 98 • Currently: Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued 7/99 • Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio link between mobile PCs, phones and other portable devices • Relatively fast, short packets • Software for service and device discovery • Typical application: cellular phone to PDA or earphone • Forecast: 79% of digital handsets and > 200 million PCs will use Bluetooth by 2002 -- Dataquest

Amjad Umar

Bluetooth

PSTN

Access Point

Wired LAN

Cellular Network

Bluetooth Piconet (1 Mbps, 10 meters) Amjad Umar

Wireless Local Loops Telephone

InterExchange Switch

Computers PBX, TV

Toll Connecting Trunks

Wireless Local Loop

Intertoll Trunks Telephone

Wired Local Loop

Local Control Office

Amjad Umar

Toll Connecting Trunks

InterExchange Switch

Cell 1

A Cellular Network

Cell 2

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

Mobile Telephone Switching Center (MTSC)

HLR

VLR

Mobile User

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Cordless connection

HLR = Home Location Register

Wired connection

VLR = Visitor Location Register

Amjad Umar

Cellular networks: What is 3G Anyway? • 1G: First generation wireless cellular: Early 1980s – Analog transmission, primarily speech

• 2G: Second generation wireless cellular: Late 1980s – – – –

Digital transmission Primarily speech and low bit-rate data High-tier: GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc Low-tier (PCS): Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility e.g. PACS

• 2.5G: 2G evolved to medium rate (< 100kbps) data • 3G: future: Broadband multimedia – 144 kbps - 384 kbps for high-mobility, high coverage – 2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage

Amjad Umar

Evolution to 3G Data Rates 2 Mbps 3G (144Kbps to 2Mbps)

1 Mbps 100 Kbps

2.5G (10-150Kbps)

10 Kbps 1 Kbps

2G (9.6Kbps) 1G (