Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs can, could, will, would, may, might, should... VERBOS MODAIS INDICAM POSSIBILIDADE, HABILIDADE, CONSELHOS, OBRIGAÇÃO, NECESSIDADE, CERTEZA E DEDUÇÃO. SEMPRE SÃO SEGUIDOS DE UM VERBO NA FORMA BASE (I)

TRADUÇÃO CAN – COULD “PODER, SABER, CONSEGUIR” MAY – MIGHT “PODER” – POSSIBILIDADE OU PERMISSÃO SHOULD (OUGHT TO) – “DEVER” MUST – ‘DEVER” – OBRIGAÇÃO

usos • Should = ought to (CONSELHOS) • Must = have to (OBRIGAÇÃO) • Can = be* able to (HABILIDADE) • May = be* allowed to (POSSIBLIDADE)

can- could • Uso: possibilidade ou habilidade = (be* able to) I can drive a car. I have my license. (possibility) X I can drive. I drive every day. (ability) • I could drive a car when I was 9. (past)

Could (can, may, might) permission X requests (will, would) - Could (may, can) I open the door? (permission) - Could (can) you open the door?* (request) *Will and would are also possible.

may - might Usos: indicar probabilidade ou possibilidade Paul may come tomorrow (prob. maior) Paul might come tomorrow (prob. menor)

Must (have to, have got to) Usos: obrigação, dever. You must study hard to suceed. I must stop smoking = I HAVE TO STOP... Dedução – must be You must be tired after all the classes.

Should (ought to) • Leve obrigação, conselhos. You should stop drinking. It’s late. We ought to go home.

will – would I will go back to the USA next year. (futuro)

I would visit my gramma every day when I was a boy. (hábito passado = used to)

Modal Perfect (ações passadas) Modal Perfect = Modal + have + III I could have studied yesterday. Modal + present perfect

I SHOULD HAVE BOUGHT THAT BOOK

I COULD HAVE STAYED UNTILL THE END

extras You should have read the contract. X You should read the contract now (conselho) I needn’t have to read because I know it. = I don’t have to read... (ausência obrigação, “não precisa”)

• • • • • • • • •

1. (UFRGS) The form would have starved indicates a: A) habit long acquired. B) condition in the future. C) permission granted. D) possibility in the past. E) obligation in the present.

• 3. (UFRGS) The form • should have reached • indicates the same as • • • • •

A) must have reached. B) was expected to reach. C) will have reached. D) can have reached. E) was going to reach.

• 10. (PUCRS) Answer the questions 1 to 6 by identifying the sentences whose modal verb indicates: • A) strong obligation B) mild obligation C) past obligation D) future possibility • 1) ( ) I may do this exercise again. • 2) ( ) I had to do this exercise again. • 3) ( ) I must do this exercise again. • 4) ( ) I could do this exercise again. • 5) ( ) I should do this exercise again. • 6) ( ) I have to do this exercise again. •

• • • • • •

The correct alternative it would be: A) d – c – a – d – b – a B) d – d – a – c – b – a C) a – b – c – d – d – b D) c – a – b – c – d – d E) b – d – d – c – a – a

• MODAIS • 1. D • 3. B • 10 .A