Overview of IR

Intro to the Early Industrial Revolution 1793-1850 1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways? 2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution begin in the North, as opposed to the South? 3. How did life change from people living on a farm, when most goods were grown by or made by hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in a city? 4. How did the Industrial Revolution both strengthen and weaken the nation? What conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained steam’?

Industrial Revolution • Industrial – • Revolution – Industrial Revolution: a time of dramatic change from late 1700s to mid-1800s, where production transitioned from hand tools and handmade items to products which were mass produced by machines, where goods became more widely available, and where/how people lived is dramatically altered.

Where did it start? Why? • Expanding Empire & Economy • Location! • Agriculture Revolution • Stable Economy & Government • Technology Advancements

Labor/ Immigration

Inventions and Innovations

Use of Land/Need for Land

Urbanization

Changes the way people make $$

Inventions and Innovations

Labor/Immig ration

Changes/Affects: who is working – how work is done by people vs. machines speed – time it takes capacity – how much can get done

Use of Land/Need for Land

Urbanizatio n

Change the way people make $$

Key Issue: How to Spin cleaned cotton or wool into thread

China, 13th century

Early 17th century

Early 18th century

Spinning Wheel -- created in 1200s, largely unchanged for centuries

Key Invention B: Spinning Jennies What can it do faster?

How does capacity change?

Key Issue: This is all done using what for energy?

Key Inventions C: Water Power! • Water Powered Carding Mill • Water Powered Saw Mill

• Water Powered Jenny

What can these do faster? How does capacity change?

Key Invention D: The Water Powered Loom The next major invention was water powered looms. They allowed workers spin more thread into cloth by using water power to spin the looms. These machines were big, powerful, and expensive as well.

• Faster: •

sped up the time it took to weave cloth

Capacity •

Weavers actually able to weave all the thread produced by the Jennies

What resources are valued?

Water!!!

Why? Transportation & Energy!

Inventions and Innovations

Labor/Imm igration

Use of Land/Need for Land Changes/Affects: How land is used Value of land based on location/natural resources Desire for more land as capacity grows

Change the way people make $$ Urbanization

Why the North? • Powerful Rivers (New England) • Coal and Steel Resources (In Pennsylvania) for STEAM ENGINES • Ports for shipping overseas

Inventions and Innovations

Labor/Immigrat ion

Changes/Affects: who is working – how work is done by people vs. machines speed – time it takes capacity – how much can get done

Use of Land/Need for Land Changes/Affects: How land is used Value of land based on location/natural resources Desire for more land as capacity grows

Changes/Affects: Who is the ideal worker? What groups of people migrate to industrial areas

Urbanization

Change the way people make $$

Doing one piece of the job, exact same thing every day

Changes/Affects: Where people live How people live

Owners building/designing factory/town to help make $$

From this….

URBANIZATION…. (creation of cities)

To this….

Positive Effects: -better transportation (roads, railroads, steamboats) -greater access to goods -more work opportunity for men and women

Urbanization

(creation of cities) Negative Effects -Crowded living conditions -spread of disease -more abuse of workers -Racism and Sexism -Child Labor

Inventions and Innovations

Use of Land/Need for Land

Labor/Immigration

Urbanization

Change the Way People Make $$ Doing one piece of the job, exact same thing every day Owners building/designing factory/town to help make $$

Interchangeable Parts standard parts of equipment that can be used to build new tools or machines

Examples

1800 gun making

Ex. 1840 Lowell Mill Girls

Inventions and Innovations

Labor/Immigration Changes/Affects: Who is the ideal worker? What groups of people migrate to industrial areas

Use of Land/Need for Land

Ways people make $$ Urbanization

Labor/Immirgration • Who is ideal worker? • •

unskilled, cheap, women and young children

• Why Immigrate ? • 1840s : more work, cheaper transportation, more economic opportunity

• Which groups • Irish: Escape Famine • Germans: escape political revolution

Rhode Island Mill System: Sam Slater • Read over your section once • Then go back and underline key parts based on your groups question • Write notes in the margins to help explain the answer

Group 1: Read paragraph #1 of “Role of the Mill Village” -How did the Mill owners recruit workers? -Where did Mill Workers live? Group 2: Read Paragraph #2,#3, #4 of Role of Mill Village -Describe the typical worker? -Why were these workers valued? Group 3: Read Paragraph 1-2 “Wages and Working Conditions” -Describe how the Mill Owners had power over the workers -Define Credit System

Group #4 Read Paragraph #4 and 5 of “Wages and Working Conditions” -How did the credit system work? -Was the credit system fair? Why or why not? Group #5 Read Paragraph #6 and #7 of Wages and Working Conditions -How did owners control the day to day lives of mill workers -Did the mill owners value education? Why or why not?

The Slater “Hustle”: Factory Owners

Company Store

Mill Workers

In order to understand how the Industrial Revolution really took off in the early 1800s, we need to start with… RHODE ISLAND, of course! And, a man by the name of Samuel Slater.

•

Draw a line across your paper and title: Slater’s First Mill

•

Imagine you are Samuel Slater, a young man who has traveled from England, with the goal of opening the first water-powered mill in the US.

1. You’ve been apprenticing in England, under Richard Archwright, the creator of water-powered mill technology

2. You want to move to US, build the country’s first water-powered textile mill. 3. You secretly copy the blueprints for the technology, and sew them into your coat and travel to the New England in 1791. 4. You meet up with some investors and create a plan for building the water-powered textile mill.

•

Take out a new piece of lined paper, and title it: Slater’s First Mill

•

Writing in complete sentences, so you know what question you are answering:

1. Where do you put your factory? 2. Who works there? How do you encourage them to work for you? How do you encourage them to stay? 3. How will you watch over the workers to make sure they are doing their job correctly? 4. How can you make as much money as you can?

Clothing Revolution: Many inventions that mean clothes are made in bulk (mass production) in factories and bought at a store Instead of by hand

Charlie Chaplin’s View…”Modern Times” • In this Unit…we will look at the good, the bad, the unexpected • At the end-you will write a paper :)

Inventions and Innovations

Labor/Immigration

Changes/Affects: who is working – how work is done by people vs. machines speed – time it takes capacity – how much can get done

Changes/Affects: Who is the ideal worker? What groups of people migrate to industrial areas

Use of Land/Need for Land Changes/Affects: How land is used Value of land based on location/natural resources Desire for more land as capacity grows

Ways people make $$ Urbanization Changes/Affects: Where people live How people live

Changes/Affects: How business leaders create companies Desire to make large profits vs. need for work force

Intro to the Early Industrial Revolution 1793-1850 1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways? 2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution begin in the North, as opposed to the South? 3. How did life change from people living on a farm, when most goods were grown by or made by hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in a city? 4. How did the Industrial Revolution both strengthen and weaken the nation? What conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained steam’?