Paul_Bony_Short_utility_course_session_1

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Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1 Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities

2012 Illinois Geothermal Conference Peoria, IL February 28, 2012

Paul Bony Director Of Residential Market Development ClimateMaster

1

ClimateMaster

Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP) Subjects to be covered • • •

2

The history of GSHP How GSHPs Work Why GSHPs are of Value to Electric Utilities

ClimateMaster

Earth Energy – It’s Not New

3



Earth energy system was first patented in Switzerland in 1912



Residential system installed in Canada in 1950

ClimateMaster

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Mr. Bill Loosley installed geothermal system in his home in Burlington, ON in 1950

4

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy ClimateMaster

Mr. Loosley’s System:

Belt drive compressor

5

Air coil in old oil furnace

Desuperheater added to hot water tank ClimateMaster

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Compressor was initially powered by hand crank diesel motor… changed to electric motor (still being used!!) in 1953 when his wife couldn’t start it. 6

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy ClimateMaster

GSHP Basics

7

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water using proven technology…

… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space-conditioning system” (according to U.S. EPA 1993)

8

ClimateMaster

Geothermal System Components

• •

9

Heat pump Ground loop

ClimateMaster

Heat Pumps Are All Around Us Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside

HEAT HEAT B B B

10

Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen ClimateMaster

Heat Pump Components

     

11

Compressor Refrigerant reversing valve Fluid heat exchanger – ground loop (Coax) Metering device – TXV Air heat exchanger – air coil Electrical Controls

ClimateMaster

Option

12

ClimateMaster

Simple Concept  

Water moves energy better than air does Water in the ground provides renewable energy

Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment

13

ClimateMaster

13

47% of the solar energy falling on our planet is absorbed by the Earth’s surface…

14

ClimateMaster

… maintaining a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground 15

ClimateMaster

Earth is a better Energy Source

16

ClimateMaster

The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter…

72°F

Outdoor air design temperature: -5°F

50°F

A geothermal heat pump transfers underground heat into the building to provide heating 17

ClimateMaster

…and an Efficient Place to Reject or Store Heat in Summer…

74°F

Outdoor air design temperature: 95°F

50°F

A geothermal heat pump transfers heat from the building into the ground to provide cooling 18

ClimateMaster

…using Heat Pump Technology

Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth

19

ClimateMaster

Geothermal System Components Ground loop Three basic designs

Horizontal Open Loop Vertical

20

ClimateMaster

Vertical Closed-Loop Installation

Drilling

Pipe Loop Insertion Heat Fusing Inside Connection

21

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency

1 unit of energy from the grid Plus: 3-5 units of “free” energy from the earth

22

Yields: 4-6 units of energy for the building

400-600% Efficient

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Equipment •

The equipment keeps getting better • •



Fits load control and peak time pricing • •

24

“COP’s” (% efficiency) are reaching 5 (500%) Hybrid units can greatly reduce installation costs Can be tied to a gas furnace for load control Water to water units can support thermal storage for expanded peak clipping

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Self-contained heating, cooling and hot water ClimateMaster

25

Geothermal Heat Pumps are one of the Most Effective and Deployable Technologies…

… producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies (EPA, 1993)

26

ClimateMaster

27

ClimateMaster

“Ground Source Heat Pumps offer the greatest potential for energy efficiency of any existing technology” (EPRI Dec 2009)

28

ClimateMaster

Buildings Dominate U.S. Energy Use and Carbon Emissions with Heating, Cooling, and Water Heating being the Largest Contributors

Thermal Loads Heating

9.2%

Cooling

4.3%

Hot Water

3.8%

Total

17.3%

~ 20% of all U.S. Carbon Emissions

29

ClimateMaster

HVAC Energy Use Comparisons Reduces energy consumption by 50%

Conventional HVAC - Home

Geothermal HVAC - Home 30

ClimateMaster

Ordinary Furnace Efficiency 5 - 30% of Energy Lost (unusable energy) To Outdoors Through the Chimney

1 Unit Of Fuel Used To

Generate Heat (Purchased)

31

Only 70 - 95% of Energy Purchased Gets Into the Home (usable energy) ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency

1 unit of energy from the grid

Yields: 4-6 units of energy for the building

Plus: 3-5 units of “free” energy from the earth

32

400-600% Efficient

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pumps Energy Savings - Residential

1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home

Demonstrated Residential Savings… ClimateMaster

33

Habitat for Humanity Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007 40.00

47% Site Energy Savings

35.00

30.00

kWh per M

2

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

Jan-07

Feb-07

Mar-07

Apr-07

May-07

Geothermal

Jun-07

Jul-07

Aug-07

Sep-07

Oct-07

Nov-07

Dec-07

Gas Furnace w A/C

ClimateMaster

34

Demand Impacts 

Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE)  



Residential (Electric Program) • • •

35

Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER

Over 10 million residential consumers Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation 10,000 MW demand reduction ClimateMaster

Demand Impacts GHP Summary kW/ton at 85 F Outside Air Temperature EER

36

GHP Value .5 kW/ ton

GHP #1 15.1 0.89

GHP GHP #2 #3 0.84 0.83

Average *Difference vs 13 SEER AC 0.85

0.45

16

0.85

0.81

0.81

0.82

0.48

17

0.80

0.77

0.78

0.78

0.52

*Assumes 13 SEER AC at 105° F outside air temperature is about 1.3 kW/ton GHP EER of 15.1 is our minimum standard for rebate

ClimateMaster

Demand Impacts

ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers.

Max kw



4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00

Austin TX model results 1

37

2

3

4

5

6 7 Month

8

9

10

11

12

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time ClimateMaster Proposed EER 18.5 Baseline SEER 10

Demand Impacts 4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time

Avg. of 2.1kw savings

7.00 6.00

Max kW

5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00

0.00 1

38

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Month Proposed EER 17.9

Baseline SEER 10

ClimateMaster

11

12

Energy Savings - Commercial

Demonstrated Commercial Buildings Savings 39 ClimateMaster

A Tale of Two Buildings

PROJECT RESULTS FROM:

A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs. Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings. 

40



Palo Alto, CA Oklahoma City, OK

ClimateMaster

Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings

Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987 Conventional Roof Top VAV Building GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in 1997 40 boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe 16 Ceiling Mounted Units

41

ClimateMaster

Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006-2007 47% Site Energy Savings 90

80

70

kBtu per Square Foot

60

50

Total Electricity Gas

40

30

20

10

42

VAV System

Geotherm al

ClimateMaster

Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Peak Demand 2006-2007

35% Peak Demand Reduction 6.0

5.5

Watts per Square Foot

5.0

4.5

VAV System 4.0

Geothermal

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0 Jul-06

43

Aug-06

Sep-06

Oct-06

Nov-06

Dec-06

Jan-07

Feb-07

Mar-07

Apr-07

May-07

Jun-07

ClimateMaster

Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average)

50 45 40 35 30 Geothermal

25

Conventional 20 15 10 5

44

0 May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

ClimateMaster

Palo Alto, California Buildings

45

ClimateMaster

2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings

46



Two Stories



10,000 sq ft each



Built in the 1960s

ClimateMaster

Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs

$12,000

construction $10,000

$8,000

Geothermal

$6,000

Conventional $4,000

$2,000

47

$0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

ClimateMaster

2005

2006

Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/06

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 Geothermal Conventional

4000 3000 2000 1000

48

0 Midnight

4am

8am

Noon

4pm

ClimateMaster 8pm

Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk - 1994 Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62) ORNL/CON-460 @ www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/etsd/btric/ground-source.shtml Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)

Army’s existing meter

Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter

New recording watt meter, modem, and phone line To recorder Buried phone line to nearest pedestal

49

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pumps





50

The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings. 300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!) ClimateMaster

Tri State Market



Kansas City, MO Vs. Louisville, KY



Kansas City – –



Louisville – –

51

4,750 heating degree days 1,325 cooling degree days 4,610 Heating degree days 1,443 cooling degree days ClimateMaster

Tri State Market 

US DOE Build America model home – – –

 

GSHP with Desuperheater (TTS) Vs. Packaged Single Zone Unit with Gas Furnace –

52

2,400 sq. feet 6 tons of heating & cooling Gas water heater



10 SEER central AC 78 AFUE gas furnace ClimateMaster

Tri State Market Electric (kWh)

53

Space Cool Heat Reject. Refrigeration Space Heat HP Supp. Hot Water Vent. Fans Pumps & Aux. Ext. Usage Misc. Equip. Task Lights Area Lights

Total

Geo

Conventional 2,392 6,489 3,110 1,510 9,770 2,643 25,913

6,389 832 9,770 2,643 19,634

ClimateMaster

Tri State Market

Gas (kBtu)

Conventional

Area Lights

4,273 2,753 -

174,696 17,523 2,753 -

Total

7,025

194,972

Space Cool Heat Reject. Refrigeration Space Heat HP Supp. Hot Water Vent. Fans Pumps & Aux. Ext. Usage Misc. Equip. Task Lights

54

Geo

ClimateMaster

Tri State Market



Combined Electric & gas savings (site Btu) –

Geo   



Conventional gas & AC   

55



25,913 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 88,441,069 Btu 7,025,000 gas Btus 95,466,069 annual Btus 19,634 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 67,010842 Btu 194,972,000 gas Btus 261,982,842 annual Btus

63.6 % annual savings – site Btu ClimateMaster

Tri State Market

Electric Demand (kW) Space Cool Heat Reject. Refrigeration Space Heat HP Supp. Hot Water Vent. Fans Pumps & Aux. Ext. Usage Misc. Equip. Task Lights Area Lights Summer peak

56

Geo 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 5.9

Conventional 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 9.8

4.5 kW /.8 kW/ton

40% peak demand reduction 4kW/.7 kW per ton ClimateMaster

Tri State Market

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Different Peak Time

57

Peak Time 1/4/10 19:00 2/20/10 23:00 3/25/10 22:00 4/1/10 22:00 5/17/10 18:00 6/27/10 18:00 7/19/10 18:00 8/5/10 18:00 9/25/10 18:00 10/14/10 18:00 11/28/10 19:00 12/17/10 20:00

GSHP with Desuperheater Max kw 7.74 7.56 7.17 5.42 4.30 5.34 5.80 5.86 4.59 4.85 6.16 8.18

HVAC System AC & Gas Furnace Peak Time Max kw 1/4/10 19:00 3.08 2/20/10 20:00 2.91 3/25/10 21:00 2.75 4/28/10 18:00 7.06 5/17/10 18:00 6.77 6/27/10 18:00 8.43 7/23/10 18:00 9.25 8/4/10 18:00 9.85 9/25/10 18:00 7.05 10/14/10 18:00 7.70 11/28/10 19:00 2.99 12/17/10 19:00 3.17 ClimateMaster

Tri State Market

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Different Peak Time 12.00

10.00

Max kw

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00 1

58

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Month Proposed EER 18.5

Baseline SEER 10

ClimateMaster

12

Tri State Market

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time

59

Peak Time 1/4/10 19:00 2/20/10 20:00 3/25/10 21:00 4/28/10 18:00 5/17/10 18:00 6/27/10 18:00 7/23/10 18:00 8/4/10 18:00 9/25/10 18:00 10/14/10 18:00 11/28/10 19:00 12/17/10 19:00

GSHP with Desuperheater Max kw 7.74 7.38 7.17 4.44 4.11 4.99 5.48 5.61 4.14 4.53 6.16 8.07

Peak Time 1/4/10 19:00 2/20/10 20:00 3/25/10 21:00 4/28/10 18:00 5/17/10 18:00 6/27/10 18:00 7/23/10 18:00 8/4/10 18:00 9/25/10 18:00 10/14/10 18:00 11/28/10 19:00 12/17/10 19:00

Gas Furnace & AC Max kw 3.08 2.91 2.75 7.06 6.77 8.43 9.25 9.85 7.05 7.70 2.99 3.17 ClimateMaster

Tri State Market

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time based on conventional system 12.00

10.00

Max kw

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Month

60

Proposed EER 18.5

Baseline SEER 10

ClimateMaster

12

Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005

Gas – 5.3 million Electric – 1.0 million Propane – 800k Heat Pump – 400k Oil – 200k Other – 200k

Gas – 13.1million Electric – 1.3 million Propane – 1.1 million Heat Pump – 800k Oil – 700k Other – 700k Gas – 5.7 million Electric – 4.3 million Propane – 800k Heat Pump – 900k Other – 400k

EIA 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

61

ClimateMaster

Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential

CO2 – 8.4 MMT Summer Peak – 1.2 GW Winter Peak– 0.8 GW Electric – 6.3 Billion kWh Primary – 0.12 quad Btu Geo Units – 0.6 million Cost - $6 to $8 billion Savings - $1.6 billion / yr

Assumed Market Penetration: 25% of homes without access to natural gas

62

CO2 – 10.0 MMT Summer Peak – 1.9 GW Winter Peak– 0.3 GW Electric – 6.8 Billion kWh Primary – 0.14 quad Btu Geo Units – 1.0 million Cost - $10 to $14 billion Savings - $2.7 billion / yr CO2 – 14.4 MMT Summer Peak – 3.1 GW Winter Peak– 9.7 GW Electric – 25.4 Billion kWh Primary – 0.21 quad Btu Geo Units – 1.5 million Cost - $15 to $21 billion Savings - $3.3 billion / yr ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pumps are the Most Efficient way to convert Green Energy into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating

Making the most effective use of this precious resource No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating

63

ClimateMaster

The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV

But….Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required 65

ClimateMaster

Market Growth

66

ClimateMaster

North American Geothermal Industry Shipments Single Family Residential - 63% of Total

Continued Growth Despite a Slow Economy

ClimateMaster

67

GHP Market Growth 

68

Since their introduction in the 1980’s, over 1.5 million geothermal heat pumps have been installed in the united states

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Heat Pump DOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal 1 Million GHPs Annually by 2017 (39% CAGR)

Results in 3.3 million cumulative GHP installations by 2017  

26 MMT annual CO2 reduction 520 MMT lifecycle CO2 reduction over 20 yr GHP life

Creates 100,000 new jobs

Conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually

69

ClimateMaster

Why All the Interest?

70

ClimateMaster

Proven Technology •Millions of units installed world-wide in commercial and residential applications

Most Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly HVAC System Widely Available •Water is a better heat transfer medium than air •Heat exchange loops tap the renewable energy of the Earth

71

ClimateMaster

No Fossil Fuel •Improves safety •Eliminates service lines, flues, outside air intakes •No site emissions

Long Equipment Life •Factory sealed systems •Indoor installation – no exposure to the elements •Moderate compressor loading vs. air-source systems

Self Contained Compact Units •Hidden within attics or installed in closets •No vandalism or theft concerns •Up-flow, horizontal, or down-flow single-package units •Split system and water-to-water units available •If outdoors •Better aesthetics •No noise

72

ClimateMaster

Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump is Equivalent to Planting an Acre of Trees

73

ClimateMaster

The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV

74

ClimateMaster

Geothermal Systems can be Classified as: Solar

Geothermal

Renewable

Alternative Demand-Side

75

Conservation Energy-Efficiency Zero-Ozone Depleting Environmentally Responsible ClimateMaster

Heat Pump Energy Efficiency Take -aways

76



Geothermal is the most efficient method of heating and cooling a home



Geothermal is both a renewable and energy efficient technology



Geothermal reduces utility peaks and improves load factor



There is no question – IT DOES WORK! ClimateMaster

Thank You For Your Attention! Questions?

If you ever need a hand you can reach me at:

Paul Bony [email protected]

77

970-249-8476

ClimateMaster

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