Poll. Type PPT

Review of Flower Formula:

Crassula argentea - the jade plant

Ranunculus - buttercup

Review: What is the flower formula?

Lilium tigrinum - tiger lily

What is the flower formula for this plant? The strange lateral buds are called bulbils. These are shed as a means of vegetative propagation

Adaptations for Pollination Attraction Visual Cues: Color, Shape, Size Olfactory Cues: Scent, Odor

Reward Nectar: Sucrose, Water, Amino Acids Pollen: Vitamins, Minerals, Protein

Behavior: Recreational Motivation!

Attraction: Visual Bull’s Eye

Hemerocallis - day lily Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed Susan

Black and White Image - minus red

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Gaillardia grandiflora - Indian blanket flower

Standard Black and White Image = all colors

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Black and White Image - UV only

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Nectar Guides

Nice scent too!

Osmophores: release scent as alternate attractant

Sometimes the scent is the reward… A behavioral reward!

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http://www.orchidrhoen.de/Bitmaps/34%20Ophrys%20ins ectifera.jpg http://ibelgique.ifrance.com/ophrys/insc1.jpg http://guenther.blaich.bei.t-online.de/argoins.htm

Ophrys insectifera with pollinator Argogorytes mystaceus Bergstrm, G. (1978) Role of volatile chemicals in Ophrys-pollinator interactions In Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Coevolution (J. B. Harborne, ed.), Academic Press, London.

Beetles as pollinators: lousy flight accuracy, heavy feeding Target is large Alternate entry Heavy flower parts Pollen load is heavy

Fantasy Island… Or Nightmare Island?

Hovering Birds and Sequence!

Perching Birds Same Sequence Stiff-Leaf Perches!

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Asclepias - Milkweed and Monarchs

Kalmia - mountain laurel

Nectar spur: a pouch containing phloem exudate

http://perso.wanadoo.fr/cryptozoo/dossiers/xanthopan.jpg

Darwin described an orchid, Angraecum sesquipedale from Madagascar with an 11.5-inch nectar spur! He predicted that there would be a pollinating animal with 11.5-in mouthparts to drink the nectar, but never found the animal.

Much later (1903), Xanthopan morgani predicta, its pollinator was found with an 11.5-inch siphon!

Wind Pollination: Corn (Zea mays)

Male flowers in the tassel

Huge numbers of small, dry pollen grains, shed from high on plant. Perianth small, greenish, no nectar

Female flowers in ear Long, sticky, hairy stigmas = silk

Ross’ Rogues Gallery Flowers that Horticulture has turned into what I consider to be hideous monsters!

Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation

Rosa floribunda - rose

Malus domestica - apple

Gaillardia grandiflora Indian blanket flower

Hemerocallis - daylily