Powerpoint Chapter 9 - German Societies HIS 111

Germanic Societies and the Emergence of the Christian West

I. The Germanic Peoples     

Society based on kinship ties Tribes foreshadow nations (political community – see page 210) Tribal structure also forerunner to warrior kings & nobles in Europe Patriarchal Polytheistic

By 1st century AD (CE), German tribes in constant confrontation with Roman people as they migrate into Roman territory.

Circa 100 AD

II. Decline of the Western Roman Empire A. Divided Empire (page 211) and Diocletian

284 AD

Administrative and military policies laid foundation for division and eventual rise of Eastern Empire

Late Roman Empire …. Civil Wars 235 – 284 AD (Diocletian)

Constantine (306 – 337 AD) Battle of Milvian Bridge (312 AD) Sees a Vision … sign of cross …    

restores empire unity Sole ruler by 324 AD Enlarges army & bureaucracy Moves capital of Roman empire to EAST - Constantinople

Read pg. 208 in text

B. Transformation of Christianity Under Constantine:  Supporter of Christian faith (see page 213)  Legalized Christianity in 313 AD Under Theodosius: 380 AD made Christianity official religion of Roman Empire (see page 214 Document 9.1 Decree)  Banned pagan worship  Closed temples to Roman and Greek gods  Ended Olympic games Vocabulary:  Bishop  Pope  Papal Primacy

C. Hunnic & Germanic Invasions (370 – 500 AD) •Huns attack Goths (see map for different divisions of Germanic people) •Visigoths move south against Roman armies – 378 AD •Theodosius able to hold truce with Visigoths (see page 216-217)

Attila the Hun “scourge of God” http://sciencestage.com/v/6139/1-3-the-most-evil-men-in-history-attila-the-hun.html# This video is about character of Attila the Hun and his army 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMZHovydSFQ  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBkNuZ6rySA&NR=1 These are History Channel videos part 1 and 2 about the Battle of Chalon and the aftermath in 451/452 AD. 

**Please watch these videos as the information is important in understanding the final collapse of the Roman Empire and the measure of Germanic/Hunnic tribes that came against it.

D. Fall of Rome and end of Western Empire (textbook page 217 – 218)   

Vandals take Rome in 455 AD 476 AD last Roman Emperor abdicated by German warlord 476 AD Roman Empire in West Ends

Results:

1. Authority now rests in Pope 2. Eastern Rome (Constantinople) losses authority in West

Early Medieval Europe – Germanic & Christian Connections

III.

Middle Ages = Medieval Era   

  

Domination by Germanic Tribes Roman cities destroyed/disarray Roads, trade & money unused learning & literacy decline commerce declines central administration gone

A. Emergence of Germanic Kingdoms (textbook page 219) (Be familiar with the breakdown of the map 9.4 and the following slide) Ostrogoths and Lombards = Italy Visigoths = Spain Franks = France Angles & Saxons = England

B. Early Medieval Church   

Celts & Germans adopt Christianity into their traditions Monasticism (page 220) Saint Benedict (480-543 AD) Be familiar with the Rule of St. Benedict

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mona/hd_mona.htm Monasticism in Medieval Christianity (Art) Link

Monastic Culture “high” church people are educated Withdrawal from general society 1. prayer 2. study (Monasticism) 3. Benedictine Monks  Chastity  Poverty – deny luxuries  Missionary work  Clothing changes – robes  Establish monasteries  (same time period as splits between East/West Church)

C. Frankish Kingdom and Unification of West Clovis (482-511AD)   

warrior German chieftan founded 1st Frankish Dynasty (Merovingian) Roman province of Gaul into France

Merovingian Dynasty (Clovis’ line) 1. Constant struggle between “one” and “many” a. Kings (Clovis’ sons) = centralized government b. Local rulers fought for regional autonomy 2. Held together through Pacts 3. Created new officials – “Count”

4. By 7th century “Mayor of Palace” held real authority

Carolingian Dynasty Charles the Great or “Charlemagne” (768-814 AD) Son of Pepin the Short Accomplishments: 1. finishes conquering Italy Lombards and assumes crown 2. devoted life to kingdom expansion 3. Pope Leo III crowns him Emperor *** Pontificus Maximus

*** symbolizes fusion of Roman, Christian and Germanic elements that form the basis of European Civilization

The coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, as depicted in a medieval French manuscript

© Scala/Art Resource, NY

4.

Imperial “Look” a. Festive courts b. “counts”

5.

King’s Palace School a. Latin in official documents b. New and legible style of handwriting (standardize)

6.

Carolingian Manor a. Chief ECONOMIC institution (communal farm) 1. medieval farms in clustered villages 2. status of peasants determined by nature of holdings (Serfs)

7.

Military = Knights nobility

8.

Creation of new Agriculture and methods crop rotation and plow

Church of Charlamagne

The Manor

Break up of Carolingian Kingdom After Charlamagne’s death his 3 sons take over … 843 AD – Treaty divided the kingdom Creates a Vacuum in Europe that Church tries to fill Plummets into Dark Ages ….

D. Vikings, Muslims & Magyars After Charlemagne a new set of invaders  Norsemen (Vikings) (see text pages 224-225)  Muslims (Saracens) (see text page 226)  Magyars (see text page 226)

918 AD Henry I (Duke of Saxon) consolidates Bavaria, Saxony, Francia and Lothargina Otto I “The Great” (936 – 973 AD) (son of Henry I)  invades Italy and proclaims self King  Otto defeats Hungarians  secured German borders and established western frontiers of Europe***  appointed bishops and abbots to administer lands  Pope John bestows Imperial Title on Otto

IV.

Europe’s Warrior Nobility

Feudal Society

Evolves out of Survival

Vassals chief obligation was military 1. ransom lord from enemy 2. outfit for major military campaigns 3. defray costs of festivities at marriages… Lord 1. protect vassal from physical harm 2. stand as advocate in courts 3. provide maintenance by giving fief

Vocabulary: Vassal Lord Serf Knight