Prepositional phrase - Riverdale Middle School

Prepositions • (it is one of the parts of speech)

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word

Prepositions • Ex: Your math book is underneath your coat, Allen. [The preposition underneath shows the relationship of coat to book] • Ex: The one behind us honked his horn. [The preposition behind shows the relationship of us to one]

Prepositions I hit the ball over the net. I hit the ball into the net. I hit the ball under the net. I hit the ball against the net. I hit the ball across the net. *Notice how changing the preposition in the sentences changes the relationship between hit and net.

Prepositions • Copy the following common prepositions into your Interactive Notebook

Prepositions • Compound prepositions-prepositions made up of more than one word -according to -aside from -because of -in addition to -in place of

-next to -on account of -out of -in spite of

Prepositions • Let’s classify the prepositions….. • Remember that they tell when, where, how, and why

Prepositions • Let’s identify some prepositions: 1. Yesterday, I planted a sapling behind the garage. 2. They lived near the airport. 3. I received a letter from my aunt. 4. There are many uses for peanuts. 5. The cat is in the tree.

Prepositions • Prepositional phrase- a phrase that includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition and any modifiers of that object • Ex: You can press those leaves under glass. *glass is the object of the preposition • Lets go back to our sentences and identify the prepositional phrases with their objects

Prepositions • Your turn: 1. Complete your examples for your interactive notebook and glue/tape in. 2. Complete pg 106 Ex 12 in orange textbook. Write the prepositional phrases in the sentences. Underline the preposition once and its object twice.

Prepositions • Let’s identify some prepositions: 1. Yesterday, I planted a sapling behind the garage. 2. They lived near the airport. 3. I received a letter from my aunt. 4. There are many uses for peanuts. 5. The cat is in the tree.

Where’s Urkel? • Take a look at the following pictures and find Steve Urkel. Write a prepositional phrase that describes where he is.

Preposition or Adverb? • Some words may be used either as prepositions or as adverbs. Remember that a preposition always has an object. An adverb never does. • Rule: You can decide whether a word is used as an adverb or preposition by seeing if it has an object.

Preposition or Adverb? • Watch what this means: • Adverb: I haven’t seen him since. • Preposition: I haven’t seen him since Thursday. (Thursday is the object of the preposition since)

Preposition or Adverb? • Watch what this means: • Adverb: The bear walked around and then went inside. • Preposition: The bear walked around the yard and then went inside the cabin.(Yard is the object of the preposition around. Cabin is the object of inside.)

Identifying adverbs and Prepositions Directions: Identify the italicized word in each of the following sentences as either an adverb or a preposition. 1. He watches as the hunter slowly brings the pistol up. Remington knows that this island is feared by every sailor that passes by. 2. In fact, among sailors, the place is known as Death Island. 3. Someone invites the girl inside. 4. A man with a pistol in his hand answers the door. 5. John has finally discovered the secret about the island.

So, What exactly is a phrase? • A Phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.

3 Types: • Prepositional phrase-in the kitchen (no subject or verb) • Verb phrase- could have been hiding (no subject) • Infinitive phrase- to go with them (no subject or verb)

Phrases :a phrase doesn’t contain a subject or a verb. Phrase or not a Phrase? 1. when you know 2. as they walked in 3. in the garden 4. is sleeping

5. how she remembered 6. smiling brightly 7. to the store 8. where the car is

Phrases We have learned how to identify and write prepositional phrases in sentences, but prepositional phrases can be broken down into 2 more categories:

Adjective Phrase Adjective phrase- a prepositional phrase used as an adjective -it modifies a noun or a pronoun Answers: -What kind? -How many? -Which one? -How much?

Adjective Phrase Ex: She chose the one with blue stripes. (with blue stripes is used as an adjective modifying one) *This is because its answering the question WHICH ONE?

Adjective Phrase Remember: Prepositional phrases can be used as adjectives when they answer…..

Adjective Phrase Let’s take a look at some examples: Identify the adjective phrase and find what word the phrase modifies:

1. While she was a student in France, Marie met Pierre. 2. Pierre had already gained fame as a scientist. 3. Paris was where the two of them became friends. 4. Their enthusiasm for science brought them together.

Adjective Phrase Try it with a partner: P1: The year after their marriage another scientist discovered uranium. P2: Ice reduces swelling of the injured area. P1: Ice helps because it deadens pain and slows the loss of blood. P2: The effect of gravity helps fluid drain away.

Adjective Phrase Remember: Prepositional phrases can be used as adjectives when they answer…..

Adjective Phrase Write the sentences in your notebook under your notes. Underline the adjective phrase and circle the noun it modifies. 1. The main character in the story is a young boy. 2. He is a visitor from another planet. 3. Part of the treasure map is missing. 4. The road along the coastline has the best views. 5. Several of the eggs are cracked. 6. The sign on the bench said "WET PAINT." 7. I would like a bike with ten speeds. 9. The gate to the playground is locked.

Adverb Phrase Remember that prepositional phrases can be classified into two categories: Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase

Adverb Phrase Let’s review what an adverb even is………….

Adverbs answer when?, where?, why?, how?, how often?, how long?, and to what extent?

Identifying adverbs Adverbs are a part of speech that makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more definite. Where?

Here, there, away, up, outside

When?

Now, then, later, soon, ago

How?

Clearly, easily, quietly, slowly, carefully

How often or How long?

Never, always, often, seldom, frequently, usually, forever

To what extent or How much?

Very, hardly, almost, so, really, most, nearly, quite, less, only

Identifying Adverbs We know that adjectives modify nouns, but adverbs are the words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Ex: The cat ran quickly up the tree.

Identifying Adverbs Listen to me identify some adverbs with their modifiers. 1. If you look closely at the map, you can find Brazil. 2. Brazilians often say Bom dia, which means good day.

3. My aunt travels frequently to Brazil.

Adverb Phrase Adverb phrase- prepositional phrase used as an adverb -modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb They answer: When? How? How often? To what extent? Where? Why? How long?

Adverb Phrase Ex: The soldiers will reach the fort by noon. (this phrase answers when) Remember: Adverb phrases tell….

Adverb Phrase Unlike adjective phrases, which follow the word or words they modify, adverb phrases may appear at various places in sentences: At dusk, we went inside to eat dinner. We went inside at dusk to eat dinner. We went inside to eat dinner at dusk.

Adverb Phrase Let’s identify some adverb phrases and their modifiers: 1. When he was a baby, John fell into the river. 2. His parents searched for him but couldn’t find him. 3. He was saved by coyotes, who raised him 4. He thought for many years he was a coyote. 5. A mountain lion once leaped from a ledge above Bill’s head.

Hint When determining if a phrase is an adjective or adverb phrase, remember that an adjective phrase almost always follows the word it modifies. **If you can move the phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence, the phrase is probably an adverb phrase*******

Adverb Phrase With a shoulder partner, take turns reading the sentences aloud to find the adverb phrase and the word it modifies. P1: She drove for hours. P2: The library is open on the weekends. P1: Saturday, we will rehearse before the game. P2: I saw the clouds and turned toward home.

Adverb Phrase Independent Practice- pg 142 Exercise 7 # 1-8