Pronouns - Using Pronouns Correctly Holt PowerPoint

Using Pronouns Correctly What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case The objective case The possessive case Solving special pronoun problems Appositives Elliptical constructions Reflexive and intensive pronouns Who and whom Review A Review B

What are the cases of personal pronouns?

A pronoun takes the place of a noun. TheHe rider approaches slowly.

them The rider watches the longhorns closely. TheHis rider’s horse is well trained.

What are the cases of personal pronouns? Case is the form that a pronoun takes to show its relationship to other words in a sentence. Nominative

Objective

Possessive

Singular First person

I

me

my, mine

Second person

you

you

your, yours

Third person

he, she, it

him, her, it

his, her, hers, its

Plural First person

we

us

our, ours

Second person

you

you

your, yours

Third person

they

them

their, theirs

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case

Pronouns in the nominative case are used as subjects and as predicate nominatives. Nominative case pronouns

First person

I, we

Second person

you, you

Third person

he, she, it, they

Subject

We compete in several sports. Predicate nominative

The winner in the high hurdles was he.

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case

Make sure the subject of a verb is in the nominative case. Subject

Rob and his histhey friends friends shot some baskets.

they

Nominative them case ? ? Subject

Then Rob Rob he played by himself for an hour. Nominative him case ?

he

?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case

Make sure a predicate nominative is in the nominative case. Predicate nominative

The team leaders were Tom and theySara. Sara

they

them case ?Nominative ?

Predicate nominative

The more experienced caver is Sara. Sara she Nominative her case?

she

?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? On Your Own For each of the following sentences, choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses. 1. Cynthia and (me, I) took scuba-diving lessons. 2. Wyatt and (she, her) will pass out the sheet music. 3. How did you guess the winner would be (he, him)?

4. You and (we, us) raised the most money for the dance. 5. The children on the parade float were (they, them).

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What are the cases of personal pronouns? The objective case

Pronouns in the objective case are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. Objective case pronouns First person

me, us

Second you, you person Third person

him, her, it, them

Direct object

Carmen has invited me to her party. Indirect object

My uncle gave it a tuneup. Object of preposition

Don’t you sit in front of me in class?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The objective case

A direct object should be in the objective case. Direct object

My uncle took ______ us to the State Fair. Objective case we ?

us

?

Direct object

I saw Barbara and ______ them on the Ferris wheel. them

?

Objective theycase?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The objective case

An indirect object should be in the objective case. Indirect object

Tony found _____ them a new home. them

they case ? Objective ? Indirect object

He gave Teresa and _____ her the tiny kittens. Objective she case ?

her

?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The objective case

An object of a preposition should be in the objective case. Object of preposition

Aside from _____, us who else will be coming? we Objective case ?

us

? Object of preposition

The package was addressed to you and _____. me me

? Objective Icase ?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? On Your Own For each of the following sentences, choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses. 1. The guests thanked Rita and (she, her) for the party. 2. The first guests to arrive were (they, them). 3. Are Gloria and (I, me) playing in the first match?

4. What were you telling Chuck and (we, us) earlier? 5. An e-mail from (he, him) just arrived.

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What are the cases of personal pronouns? The possessive case

Pronouns in the possessive case are used to show ownership or possession. Possessive case pronouns First person

my, mine, our, ours

Second person

your, yours

Third person

his, her, hers, its, their, theirs

My car won’t start.

We’ll have to ride in hers.

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The possessive case

The possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs are used in the same ways pronouns in the nominative and objective cases are used. Subject Predicate nominative

Direct object Indirect object Object of preposition

Her sister and mine play soccer. This tennis racquet is hers. Have you finished yours yet?

His father gave ours a tour. Apart from his, no score was perfect.

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The possessive case

The possessive pronouns my, your, his, her, its, and their are used as adjectives before nouns.

Does your brother play the guitar?

Where does he buy his guitar strings?

What are the cases of personal pronouns? On Your Own For each of the following sentences, choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses. 1. Robert has trained (him, his) new puppy. 2. (They, Them) brought cheese and crackers to the party. 3. The college sent some information to (we, us).

4. Make sure (your, yours) name is on every page. 5. Carla has completed her application, but I haven’t started (my, mine). [End of Section]

Solving special pronoun problems Appositives

A pronoun used as an appositive should be in the same case as the word to which it refers. Subject

Appositive

Both teachers, teachers,Mr. Mr. Mr.Petrakis Petrakis Petrakisand and and___, ___, he coach coachthe theteam. team. The appositive identifies the subject, teachers. Since a subject is in the nominative case, a pronoun in an appositive identifying a subject should also be in the nominative case.

Solving special pronoun problems Appositives

A pronoun used as an appositive should be in the same case as the word to which it refers. Direct object

Appositive

Joeland and___, me for The director chose us, us, Joel Joel and ___, for major major roles. roles. The appositive identifies the direct object, us. Since a direct object is in the objective case, a pronoun in an appositive identifying a direct object should also be in the objective case.

Solving special pronoun problems Elliptical constructions

A pronoun following than or as in an elliptical construction should be in the same case as it would be if the construction were completed. Completed Elliptical Completed Elliptical

The tenor sang louder than he sang. The tenor sang louder than he. The accident hurt Tim as much as the accident hurt her. The accident hurt Tim as much as her.

Solving special pronoun problems Reflexive and intensive pronouns

Reflexive and intensive pronouns have the same forms. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns First person

myself, ourselves

Second person

yourself, yourselves

Third person

himself, herself, itself, themselves

Reflexive

I think I will treat myself to a movie.

Intensive

Evelyn herself raked all the leaves.

Solving special pronoun problems Reflexive and intensive pronouns

Do not use a pronoun ending in –self or –selves instead of a personal pronoun. Nonstandard Standard

Mariah and myself went to the rodeo. I Myself does not refer to or emphasize any other word.

Nonstandard Standard

Can I depend on Jay and yourself? you Yourself does not refer to or emphasize any other word.

Solving special pronoun problems On Your Own Choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses to correct each sentence below. 1. He remained true to (him, himself) and his own values. 2. Can she really be six months older than (I, me)? 3. Mr. Webster gave a prize to his best students, Tim and (we, us). 4. We promised that we would do all the carpentry work (ourself, ourselves). 5. The mural was painted by two seniors, Chad and (he, him). [End of Section]

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

The use of who or whom in a subordinate clause depends on how the pronoun functions in the clause. Nominative case

Objective case

who whoever

whom whomever Subject

Is there someone here who can help me? Object of a preposition

Sharla, whom I practice with, is a good tutor.

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

To choose between who and whom in a subordinate clause, follow these steps: STEP 1

Find the subordinate clause. Subordinate clause

Do you know (who, whom) borrowed the ladder? The subordinate clause is (who, whom) borrowed the ladder.

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

STEP 2

Decide how the pronoun is used in the clause.

Subject? Predicate nominative? Direct object? Indirect object? Object of preposition?

(who, whom) borrowed the ladder The pronoun is used as the subject of the verb borrowed.

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

STEP 3

Determine what case the pronoun should be in.

Subject

Is a subject in the nominative or objective case?

(who, whom) borrowed the ladder The subject should be in the nominative case.

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

STEP 4

Select the correct form of the pronoun.

Nominative case who Objective case whom

(who, whom) borrowed borrowed the the ladder ladder (who, whom) The nominative form is who. Answer

Do you know who borrowed the ladder?

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

Apply the steps to the following sentence: Those are the teachers (who, whom) I want. 1. Find the subordinate clause.

(who, whom) I want

2. Decide how the pronoun is used in the clause.

direct object—I want (who, whom)

3. Determine what case the pronoun should be in. 4. Select the correct form of the pronoun.

objective

whom

Answer Those are the teachers whom I want.

Solving special pronoun problems Who and whom

On Your Own Choose the correct form, who or whom, to complete each sentence below. 1. The child _____ fell off the swing is not hurt. 2. There goes Fred, _____ I sit behind in chemistry class. 3. Are they the teammates with _____ you work out?

4. Everyone has guessed _____ the winner will be. 5. I can’t remember _____ I asked that question.

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Review A For each of the following sentences, choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses.

1. Greg and (myself, I) both got our driver’s licenses. 2. When he called, I could hardly believe it was really (he, him). 3. “Does anyone dance better than (her, she)?” I wondered.

4. What the crowd appreciated most was (him, his) singing. 5. (Who, Whom) can name this geometric shape?

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Review B If a sentence has an incorrect pronoun, supply the correct pronoun form. If a sentence is already correct, identify it with a “C.” _____ 1. I would like to know who you are voting for in the next election. _____ 2. They watched her and I playing a game of tennis. _____ 3. Sally and myself are planning to attend the lecture. _____ 4. Is it Mr. Ross whom teaches the class? _____ 5. No one has worked harder than she.

The End