Question 1 - Weathersfield Local Schools

Question 1 • • • • • •

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? A. England B. France C. United States D. China E. All of the Above

Question 2 • What is one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. • A. Estate • B. Entrepreneur • C. Enclosures • D. None of the Above

Question 3 • Jethro Tull invented what type of machine? • • • • •

A. B. C. D. E.

The Flying Shuttle The Telegraph The Seed Drill The Cotton Gin The Reaper

Question 4 • What is the system of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. • A. Enclosure • B. Crop Rotation • C. Farming • D. Factors of Production • E. None of the Above

Question 5 • This individual was able to increase the amount of sheep meat by only allowing his best sheep to breed. • A. Jethro Tull • B. Cyrus McCormick • C. Samuel F. B. Morse • D. Robert Blackwell • E. Alexander Graham Bell

The Beginnings of Industrialization

 Greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England.

What is the Industrial Revolution?  It began during the Middle 1700’s  Prior to machine-made goods, people wove textiles by hand  This soon spread to Continental Europe & North America

 Wealthy landowners began to purchase up the small amounts of land once owned by small village farmers  Build an enclosures  Began experimenting with:

Agriculture Revolution Begins

◦ More productive seeding techniques ◦ Better harvesting methods

 2 Results of enclosure ◦ Trial of new methods ◦ Forced small farmers to be either tenant farmers or to move to the city

 Scientific Farmer  Recognized that sowing seed by scattering it across the ground was wasteful  Invented the horse drawn seed drill in 1701  This would create crops into neat rows  Seeds would take root at specific depths  More seeds took root creating larger yields of crops

Jethro Tull

Seed Drills Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

Modern Seed Drill

Rotating Crops • Crop Rotation- System of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. ▫ 1st Year plant wheat (exhaust soil nutrients) ▫ 2nd Year plant turnips (restore nutrients) ▫ 3rd Year plant barley and clover

 Robert Bakewell increased his sheep meat (mutton) by allowing his best sheep to breed

Livestock Innovations

 Increased size of lambs  Food supplies increased  Living conditions improved

 England’s population began to increase

Question 1 • • • • • •

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? A. England B. France C. United States D. China E. All of the Above

Question 2 • What is one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. • A. Estate • B. Entrepreneur • C. Enclosures • D. None of the Above

Question 3 • Jethro Tull invented what type of machine? • • • • •

A. B. C. D. E.

The Flying Shuttle The Telegraph The Seed Drill The Cotton Gin The Reaper

Question 4 • What is the system of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. • A. Enclosure • B. Crop Rotation • C. Farming • D. Factors of Production • E. None of the Above

Question 5 • This individual was able to increase the amount of sheep meat by only allowing his best sheep to breed. • A. Jethro Tull • B. Cyrus McCormick • C. Samuel F. B. Morse • D. Robert Blackwell • E. Alexander Graham Bell

1. Would you attempt to change your working conditions in the factory?

2. Would you join a union, go to school or run away?

Factors of Production • • • • •

Resources needed for Industrialization Water Power & Coal to fuel machines Iron Ore to build machines, tools & buildings Rivers for Transportation Harbors for ships to set sail from

• Also needed is business investors • Britain’s highly developed banking system

Britain’s Textile Industry • Britain’s lead the world in textile industry • First industry to make significant changes • John Kay developed the flying shuttle (pg. 285) in 1733 • James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny (spinning wheel) in 1764 • Both the shuttle and the jenny done by hand

Textile Industry Cont. • 1769 Richard Arkwright developed the water frame • 1779 Samuel Crompton developed the spinning mule • 1787 Edmund Cartwright developed the power loom • All of these inventions were bulky and were kept in large buildings called factories

Question 2-1 • What are some of the resources that are needed for industrialization? • A. Coal • B. Water • C. Iron Ore • D. Rivers • E. All of the above

Question 2-2 • Besides natural resources, what is another factor in industrialization? • A. Churches • B. New Countries • C. Banking and Investors • D. None of the above

Question 2-3 • Who invented the flying shuttle? • • • • •

A. B. C. D. E.

John Kay James Hargreaves Eli Whitney Samuel Crompton Edmund Cartwright

Question 2-4 • • • • • •

Eli Whitney invented what type of machine? A. Spinning Mule B. Water Frame C. Power Loom D. Cotton Gin E. Spinning Jenny

Question 2-5 • These large inventions were generally kept in large buildings called_____? • A. University • B. Factories • C. Warehouse • D. Home sweet home

Transportation • James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficient • Work with Matthew Boulton who was an entrepreneur • Goal to build even better engine

Transportation • Robert Fulton built steamboat named Clermont while using Boulton & Watt steam engine • In England the creation of canals ▫ Over 4,000 miles of inland channels ▫ Transport goods and materials at a lower cost

• John McAdam improved road travel ▫ Placed a layer on road beds with large stones for drainage ▫ Used crushed rocks for top layer prevent wagons sinking in the mud

Railway Age Begins • Steam Engine on wheels • Richard Trevithick won bet by hauling 10 tons of iron over 10 miles of track • Soon other British engineers built even better models • George Stephenson built 20 engines for mine operators creating first rail line • 27 mile line from Yorkshire coal fields to the port of Stockton (North Sea)

Railway Age Begins Cont. • Entrepreneurs in northern England wanted a railway from Liverpool to Manchester • George Stephenson Rocket ▫ Haul 13 tons of material at 24 mph ▫ Opened in 1830

• Railroads revolutionize life in Britain ▫ Cheap way to transport goods ▫ Created more jobs ▫ Boosted agricultural & fishing industries

Question 3-1 • A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business is called what? • A. Middle Class • B. Entrepreneur • C. The big boss • D. Mr. Porter

Question 3-2 • Who supported James Watt in improving the steam engine to work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel? • A. John McAdam • B. Michael Boulton • C. Matthew Boulton • D. Donald Trump

Question 3-4 • Richard Trevithick won a bet in 1804 for accomplishing what? • A. Inventing the Locomotive • B. Hauling passengers across England • C. Building the fastest train ever to be built • D. Hauling 10 tons of material across 10 miles of track in a steam locomotive • E. None of the Above

Question 3-5 • How did the railroads revolutionize life in Britain? • A. Cheap way to transport goods • B. Created more jobs • C. Boosted other industries such as fishing and agriculture • D. None of the above • E. All of the above