Rdng: Literary Elements

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Literary Elements 6th Grade Reading Class ~ Mrs. Wendele

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Plot

The

action of the story denouement/

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Exposition 

Background information that is needed to understand the story properly is provided. Such information includes main characters, basic conflict, and setting.

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Conflict  The

main problem the character faces

+ Rising Action A

set of conflicts that leads up to the climax

As

the conflict or conflicts develop and the characters attempt to resolve those conflicts, suspense builds.

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Climax

 the

major turning point that allows the main character / “good guy” to resolve the conflict

 the

point of greatest interest or suspense in the story

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“Frankenstein” Climax 

Elizabeth’s murder at the end of Scene 8.

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Up to this moment, the tension has been building. The creature had threatened Victor that he, the creature, would get his revenge, and it is with the murder that he gets it.

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The murder, when the person that Victor loves most is taken from him, is the moment of the greatest drama.

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It’s also the last thing that happens before the action returns to the present where Victor is dying and asking the captain to destroy the creature.

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Falling action the

action following the climax of the story that moves it towards its denouement or resolution

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The final resolution of the main complication

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The solution of the problem

+ Denouement  The final outcome of the story

Tucks have looked the same for 87 years; “elf music” is heard from the wood; Winnie runs away and finds Jesse drinking from the spring;

Mae Tuck’s escape from jail and Winnie’s decision to help her Winnie has found out about the magical spring water. Now the Tucks are faced with the task of continuing to protect the secret of the spring. Tuck Everlasting Natalie Babbitt Winnie Foster Other Fosters, Tucks, yellowsuit man

1800s,August Treegap

When Mae and Angus find out the spring ha been destroyed by th storm

Dialect & Conversational Voice

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Dialect Language that is characteristic of a particular group of people or geographical region 

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He Lion, Bruh Bear, and Bruh Rabbit

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Conversational Voice When

the words the characters are saying are like having a conversation with them

Tends

formal

to be less

Conversational voice: “Why the Tortoise’s Shell Is Not Smooth”

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Conversational Voice

 Conveys

 Develops

attitude empathy  Conveys  Develops education friendship  Conveys society  Develops informality  Conveys background

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"Vwood you like?" Toby's grandmother said as she offered him a pastry. Grandma Maia was raised in Estonia and didn't come to the United States until she was in her 40s. Toby loved to hear how she talked, especially when she told stories from the Old Country. He helped himself to a pastry—his favorite, an open-faced roll with cream cheese, butter, and a little sugar melted together. "Have anuzzer!" his grandma coaxed. "Vee have zo many, zey vill never get eaten ozzervise." Toby grinned sheepishly and helped himself to another pastry. "Thanks, Vanaema," he said, calling her by the Estonian word for Grandma, as he always did. "But that's all I should eat. Mom will get mad if I spoil my appetite for dinner." "Pah!" Vanaema waved away his comment as if it were a fly. "You are a g-r-r-owing boy," she said, rolling her "r." "Yes, but if you keep feeding me like this, I'll 'grow' fat!" Toby joked, triggering a hearty chuckle from his grandma. 

What is the most likely reason the author has the grandmother roll her "r" when she says, "You are a g-r-r-owing boy"? to convey to readers her Estonian accent to illustrate that she has trouble speaking to children to make her grandson laugh with Estonian humor to show the importance of the word "growing"

answer O The author shows how the grandmother rolls

her "r's" so that readers can "hear" how she speaks differently from Toby. This kind of reading selection is best read aloud, so the reader can really hear the character's accent.

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"Vwood you like?" Toby's grandmother said as she offered him a pastry. Grandma Maia was raised in Estonia and didn't come to the United States until she was in her 40s. Toby loved to hear how she talked, especially when she told stories from the Old Country. He helped himself to a pastry—his favorite, an open-faced roll with cream cheese, butter, and a little sugar melted together. "Have anuzzer!" his grandma coaxed. "Vee have zo many, zey vill never get eaten ozzervise." Toby grinned sheepishly and helped himself to another pastry. "Thanks, Vanaema," he said, calling her by the Estonian word for Grandma, as he always did. "But that's all I should eat. Mom will get mad if I spoil my appetite for dinner." "Pah!" Vanaema waved away his comment as if it were a fly. "You are a g-r-r-owing boy," she said, rolling her "r." "Yes, but if you keep feeding me like this, I'll 'grow' fat!" Toby joked, triggering a hearty chuckle from his grandma. In this selection, the author spells certain words differently, such as "vwood" for "would" and "anuzzer" for "another." What is the most likely reason the author does this? to demonstrate that the grandmother is unable to spell some words very well to suggest that the conversation is taking place in a foreign country to show how the grandmother's background affects her spoken English to add emphasis to her request that the boy take more pastries

answer O The passage tells you that the grandmother

was raised in Estonia. The author has her say certain words differently to show that someone whose first language is Estonian would speak English in a distinct way. If you say "vwood" out loud, you can hear how it sounds similar to "would," but a bit different.

The Visit by T. Herlinger Maybelle greeted us at the door in a summery white dress. She stood a little shorter than me, but her posture was ramrod straight, making her seem taller. A delighted smile spread across her face at the sight of us, her northern cousins. "Welcome to mah home!" she gushed as she ushered me and my sister, Beth, into the hall. "Y'all come to the pahluh and make yo-sevs cumftable. Oh, ahm so glad you've come!" "Psst, Annie, where do we sit?" Beth whispered anxiously as we entered the parlor. There were two long couches and three overstuffed chairs. "Anywhere!" I whispered back. "It'll be fine." We'd been so nervous to meet our southern cousin, we chattered about it the whole way from New York on the train. "Well!" Maybelle said when we'd settled in on one of the couches. "Whut do you think of Shah-lotte?" she drawled. It took me a full moment to realize she had said, "Charlotte." "It's very pretty, what we could see of it," I answered politely. Beth was fidgeting beside me. "My stahs, but isn't it?" she agreed. My stars, I thought to myself. What a neat expression, though I doubt that many stars are visible in the middle of a bustling city. "I can't wait for you to meet my bruthah, Chestah. He's jess down the road a piece— be along any minute. You gals jess set a spell and cool down from yo long juhney. I'll go fix us some refreshment." She got up to leave but stopped at the door, turned around, and smiled at us with such warmth. She seemed to radiate kindness. "It was so good of you to make the trip. I jess know we're gonna be great frenz." My muscles began to relax then, and I sank back into the couch cushions. Even my high-strung little sister seemed to calm down, and I started thinking, We might just like it here. Why does the author write "bruthah" instead of "brother" and "stahs" instead of "stars"? • to show that the story takes place in a foreign country • to show how people speak differently in the South • to show that Maybelle is teasing her cousins • to show that Maybelle has trouble talking clearly

answer O If you read this selection aloud, you can hear

how Maybelle's speech differs from that of her "northern cousins." For example, her "r's" are soft instead of hard—she says "stahs" instead of "stars." This is meant to show how people in the southern United States speak with a particular accent. Those in other parts of the country speak differently, too, with their own unique expressions.

The Visit by T. Herlinger Maybelle greeted us at the door in a summery white dress. She stood a little shorter than me, but her posture was ramrod straight, making her seem taller. A delighted smile spread across her face at the sight of us, her northern cousins. "Welcome to mah home!" she gushed as she ushered me and my sister, Beth, into the hall. "Y'all come to the pahluh and make yo-sevs cumftable. Oh, ahm so glad you've come!" "Psst, Annie, where do we sit?" Beth whispered anxiously as we entered the parlor. There were two long couches and three overstuffed chairs. "Anywhere!" I whispered back. "It'll be fine." We'd been so nervous to meet our southern cousin, we chattered about it the whole way from New York on the train. "Well!" Maybelle said when we'd settled in on one of the couches. "Whut do you think of Shah-lotte?" she drawled. It took me a full moment to realize she had said, "Charlotte." "It's very pretty, what we could see of it," I answered politely. Beth was fidgeting beside me. "My stahs, but isn't it?" she agreed. My stars, I thought to myself. What a neat expression, though I doubt that many stars are visible in the middle of a bustling city. "I can't wait for you to meet my bruthah, Chestah. He's jess down the road a piece—be along any minute. You gals jess set a spell and cool down from yo long juhney. I'll go fix us some refreshment." She got up to leave but stopped at the door, turned around, and smiled at us with such warmth. She seemed to radiate kindness. "It was so good of you to make the trip. I jess know we're gonna be great frenz." My muscles began to relax then, and I sank back into the couch cushions. Even my high-strung little sister seemed to calm down, and I started thinking, We might just like it here. The girls' cousin Maybelle speaks in a dialect (a certain way of speaking or writing) of the southern United States. Which of the following expressions is most likely an example of the southern dialect? o down the road a piece o she got up to leave o so good of you o we might just like it

answer O Look for an answer choice that expresses an

idea differently than you normally would. If you are not from the South, you might say, "He's not far away" or "He's right nearby" rather than "He's down the road a piece." The author uses this expression so the reader can hear Maybelle's southern dialect. Accents and dialects can make the writing more colorful and interesting.

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story’s / LESSON / MESSAGE

MORAL

Consider

the plot, characters, and setting to infer the theme.

How

is theme different from topic?

COMMON THEMES

Pride can destroy a person. Crime doesn’t pay. Don’t judge people until you have walked in their shoes. People are as happy as they make up their minds to be. It is better to tell the truth than to lie. Going through hard times can make a person stronger. Treat others the way you want to be treated. Fight for what you believe it. Hard work pays off.

the relationship of the narrator to the story (viewpoint)

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First Person Point of View  When

a character in the story tells the story (using I, me, my, we, etc.)

 “Oh, sometimes

I get a good feeling, yeah I get a feeling that I never never never never had before, no no”

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Third Person Point of View

 When

someone not in the story tells the story (like an invisible observer)

 Example: “Jack

and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown, and Jill came tumbling after.”

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Setting

 time  place  physical

conditions/weather

 social

conditions

 Think

about the setting of each story, including the  historical background  cultural background