Red Eléctrica de España - National Association of Regulatory Utility

January 13, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Engineering & Technology, Electrical Engineering
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Opening session: the Spanish TSO experience on renewable integration

March 2011

Dirección de Operación

Contents  

Spanish TSO presentation Overview of the Spanish electric sector

Current regulatory framework of Spanish renewable units 



Challenges

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Who is Red Eléctrica? Red Eléctrica de España (REE) is the Spanish transmission system operator (TSO)

REE is operating the mainland system and the island systems REE was the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to power transmission and the operation of electrical systems.

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles. 

Operates the system to guarantee the power supply. 



Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems

Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network. 

Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company

SHARE CAPITAL (Aprox.): FREEFLOAT 80%

Transmission Grid Main magnitudes (SPPS) Lines

SEPI 20 %

Subst. SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company



Closure 2010

400 kV [km ct]

18,576

 220 kV [km ct]

17,221

Transformers 400/X kV [MVA]

69,059

 220 & 400 kV [nº bays]

> 3,500

It has proved fundamental for the fast and secure implementation of electricity market and integration of RES 4

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Spanish transmission system    

REE: Spanish Transmission System Operator. 34000 km of lines and 60000 MW of transforming capacity. Spanish peak demands 45 GW and off-peak demands of 19-25 GW. Planned reinforcements 2009-2016, partly due to RES integration: Sp e cific in frastru ctu re W h o le p lan n e d in frastru ctu re Lin e s an d cab le s

Lines and cables N e w New o n e ones s [k m[km] ] Re fittin g [k m ] Refitting [km] Substations Su b statio n s New bays N e w New b ay ssubstations ofnsubstations N e w Extension su b statio s

Ex te n sio n o f su b statio n s

Transformers Additional capacity [MVA]

Tran sfo rm e rs

Whole planned To tal 400kV infrastructure 220kV Total

1265612656 8308 8308

400kV 7488 7488 3850 3850

220kV 5168 5168 4458 4458

Specific planned p lan ninfrastructure e d to in te grate RESto integrate RES To tal 400kV 220kV Total 400kV 220kV 4465 4465 3504 961 3504 961 1730 1730

Total 400kV 220kV Total 400kV 400kV 220kV To tal 400kV 3476 1163 2313 3476 399 1163106 2313 293 39 20 329 399 405 106 76 293 39 59 2018

To tal

405

76

329

Total 400 / 220 kV 400 / 132 kV 68540 52450 16090

59

220kV

220kV

18

19 41 19

41

Total 400 / 220 kV 400 / 132 kV 5305 3500 1805

To tal 4 0 0 / 2 2 0 kV 4 0 0 / 1 3 2 kV To tal 4 0 0 / 2 2 0 kV 4 0 0 / 1 3 2 kV

Reactances and Capacitors A d d itio n al cap acity [M V A ] 68540 [MVAR]

Total 52450 3900

400kV5305 16090 2800

3500220kV 1100

Re actan ce s an d C ap acito rs

To tal

400kV

220kV

[M V A R]

3900

2800

1100

Highlighted lines correspond to planned lines from 2008-2016.

1805

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Spanish inteconnection capacity

Interconnection capacity compared to installed capacity

FR  ES =1,5% PO  ES = 1,5%

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Potencia Inst. ESPAÑA = 94 604 MW MA  ES = 0,6%

 Limited interconnection capacity with France, security link with the European Interconnected system. In practice almost an “electrical island”.

UE 10%

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Spanish energy context The 20/20/20 European Strategy is the key driver of the Spanish energy model change 20 / 20 / 20 Strategy

 The development of renewable energy 20% reduction in GHG emissions 20% of final energy coming from renewables

sources and the reduction in consumption imply a reduction in GHG emissions.

20% reduction in primary energy consumption

 Renewable energy integration into the electric grid produces an improvement in the system efficiency.

7

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Installed capacity January 2011 Technology

Solar Biomass Mini-hydro CSP 0,7% 2,1% 0,7%

Cogeneration 6,2%

Solar PV 3,8%

Waste Treat. 1,3%

Hydro 17,5% Nuclear 7,8%

Wind 20,9% Coal 11,3%

Combined cycle 25,8%

Fuel-Gas 1,9%

Hydro-power

MW 16 657

17.5

Nuclear

7 .455

7.8

Coal

10.789

11.3

Fuel-Gas

1 849

1.9

Combined cycles

24.641

Total (ordinary regime)

61.391

25.9 64.3

Wind power generation

19976

20.9

Solar PV

3.634

3.8

Solar CSP

630

0.7

Biomass

684

0.7

Special regime hydro

1 965

2.1

Cogeneration

5 946

6.2

Waste treatment

1 204

1.3

Total (special regime)

33.791

35.7

Total

95.430

%

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Demand supply 2010 260.230 GWh = 189.071 Net Ordinary Regime + 90.513 Net Special Regime -4.412 Hydro-pump storage -8.338 International exchanges Solar Small Hydro 2,4% 2,40% CHP and other RES 12,8%

Hydro-power 14,0%

Special Regulation Regime Nuclear 21,6%

Wind 15,6%

Combined cycle 23,0%

Coal 7,6%

Renewable:

Non Renewable:

Minihydro

Cogeneration

Biomass

Coal

Wind

Fuel - Gas oil

Industrial waste Refinery gas

Urban waste Solar

Fuel-Gas 0,6%

Natural gas

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Present wind power capacity and evolution Installed Wind power generation evolution 1996-2010 22.000

19.976

20.000

18.390 15.873

18.000

13.908

16.000

MW

14.000

11.099

9.653

12.000 8.304

10.000

6.138

8.000

4.927

6.000

3.442 2.298

4.000 kW/km2

1.525 2.000 183

428

798

0

Installed Wind Capacity January 2011

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010



Renewable Energies’ Plan for Spain (August 2005): ~20,000 MW by the year 2010.



Official Network Planning for 2016 contemplates ~29,000 MW.



Renewable Energies Plan for Spain 2010-2020 ~38,000 MW. 10

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electrical interconnections with the rest of European Union.

- Development of Spain-France Interconnection with a new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line -1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercial capacity -Necessary for building the IEM -Fundamental for RES integration in Spain -(& Portugal)

11

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Current regulation: RD 661/2007. Rights and Duties 



Rights 

To deliver energy to the grid through the distribution company or to sell it in the market receiving regulated retribution (regulated tariff or premium)



Priority of access to the grids.



To deliver all the produced energy

Duties 





To deliver energy in suitable conditions which doesn’t cause disruptions in the system. To be adhered to a generation control center. (Power Plants > 10 MW). This control center will be the intermediary and speaker with the System Operator To carry out the rule about avoiding the problem of tension holes1. It’s a condition to receive the regulated tariff or premium.

(1) Operation Procedure 12.3. This is a problem which occurred with the old wind machines.

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Economic Regime in current regulation: RD 661/2007 







Possibilities 

To deliver the energy to transmission or distribution network with a regulated tariff (c€kWh)



To sell the energy in the market: Retribution= Market price + premium

Regulated tariff 

Fixed amount of money for all periods for each type of energy



Hydroelectric, biomass, biogas: they could have hourly discrimination.

Market : Retribution= Reference Price + Premium 

Cup and Floor are established for the total amount of price+ premium



Premium is variable: Total amount to receive > Cup and > Floor.

Power Plants >50MW must go the market

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Market integration of wind energy 140 120

(€/MWh)

100 80

60 40 20 0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Marginal Market Price (€/MWh)

Wind Market Price (€/MWh)

Wind Bonus (€/MWh)

Fixed tariff price



Possibility of accessing the daily wholesale market and updating the schedules in the intra-day markets according to new production forecasts.



As for any type of generation, agents are penalized for their deviations and pay for the balancing energy needed to counteract their deviation.



Reserve bands are calculated by the TSO and paid by the final consumers. 14

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

RD 661/2007. Economic Regime



For renewable energy there is a retribution table for the first 25 year and other for after. c€/kWh

Wind Onshore Wind Offshore

Regulated Tariff

Reference Premium

7.8183

3.1273 9.0004

c€/kWh

After 25 years Wind Onshore

Limits Superior Inferior

9.0692 16.9494

7.6098

Regulated Tariff

6.5341

Wind Offshore 

For photovoltaic it isn’t possible to go to the market, there is only tariffs: Fotovoltaic c€/kWh 100 kW



License for Commissioning



Deposit of a bank guarantee (for wind: 20€/kW; for Solar Thermal: 100€/kW)



Financial resources at least for 50% of the total



Purchase -or contract- at least for 50% of the equipment



Authorisation for gas access and water supply (when applicable)

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Photovoltaic updatings. RD 1578/2008



Installed power: It will be updated every year 

The Register of Pre-establishment of retribution is created to enter all of the requested power plants.



A quota of installed power is established for the first year and it will be updated. First year:  Facades: 267 MW  Floor : 133 MW



Retribution: c€/kWh Type I Type II

RD 1578/2008 20 kW 32 All 32

RD 661/2007 =10MW units may receive instructions from the OS

High efficiency supplement (for CHP) Supplement for voltage dip ride through capabilities (maximum period 5 years, until 31/12/2013) For wind only.



Reactive energy supplement 

If P>=10MW may receive instructions from the operator of the system.



High efficiency supplement (for CHP)



Supplement for voltage dip ride through capabilities (maximum period 5 years, until 31/12/2013) For wind only. 24

Economic framework (II)

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Art 24.1.a: Sell through distributor or transport grid

Art 24.1.b: Sell in the electricity energy production market



Directly or through a representative or trader



Directly or through a representative or trader



Cost of deviations



Cost of deviations







If have the duty to have hourly measuring equipment: As established in PO 14.4

If not: exempt

Participation in the system adjustment services 

Mandatory ones: Such as “Technical constraint management”





As established in PO 14.4

Participation in the system adjustment services 

Mandatory ones: Such as “Technical constraint management”



Manageable installations may participate in optional services (subject to prior authorization by the administration and technical authorization by the SO)

25

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Challenges The current high penetration of RES must be significantly increased due to ambitious national objectives (2020: 20% of Efinal  ≈ 40% Eelectric) 19.975 MW*

38.000 MW**

> 3.500 MW*

630 MW*

5.079 MW**

8.367 MW**

Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation: • Market/Regulatory changes Location far from load and sometimes grid

• TSO management of new RES connections

Vulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)

(queues

Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control

dispatchable resources

* Power installed Dec 2010 ** NAP for 2020 submitted to EC in June10 (Under review)

mangement)

and

tests

for

more

•Technical Requirements (voltage dips, freq. regulation, voltage control, …)

View more...

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