Red Eléctrica de España - National Association of Regulatory Utility
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Opening session: the Spanish TSO experience on renewable integration
March 2011
Dirección de Operación
Contents
Spanish TSO presentation Overview of the Spanish electric sector
Current regulatory framework of Spanish renewable units
Challenges
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Who is Red Eléctrica? Red Eléctrica de España (REE) is the Spanish transmission system operator (TSO)
REE is operating the mainland system and the island systems REE was the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to power transmission and the operation of electrical systems.
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.
Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.
Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems
Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.
Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company
SHARE CAPITAL (Aprox.): FREEFLOAT 80%
Transmission Grid Main magnitudes (SPPS) Lines
SEPI 20 %
Subst. SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company
Closure 2010
400 kV [km ct]
18,576
220 kV [km ct]
17,221
Transformers 400/X kV [MVA]
69,059
220 & 400 kV [nº bays]
> 3,500
It has proved fundamental for the fast and secure implementation of electricity market and integration of RES 4
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Spanish transmission system
REE: Spanish Transmission System Operator. 34000 km of lines and 60000 MW of transforming capacity. Spanish peak demands 45 GW and off-peak demands of 19-25 GW. Planned reinforcements 2009-2016, partly due to RES integration: Sp e cific in frastru ctu re W h o le p lan n e d in frastru ctu re Lin e s an d cab le s
Lines and cables N e w New o n e ones s [k m[km] ] Re fittin g [k m ] Refitting [km] Substations Su b statio n s New bays N e w New b ay ssubstations ofnsubstations N e w Extension su b statio s
Ex te n sio n o f su b statio n s
Transformers Additional capacity [MVA]
Tran sfo rm e rs
Whole planned To tal 400kV infrastructure 220kV Total
1265612656 8308 8308
400kV 7488 7488 3850 3850
220kV 5168 5168 4458 4458
Specific planned p lan ninfrastructure e d to in te grate RESto integrate RES To tal 400kV 220kV Total 400kV 220kV 4465 4465 3504 961 3504 961 1730 1730
Total 400kV 220kV Total 400kV 400kV 220kV To tal 400kV 3476 1163 2313 3476 399 1163106 2313 293 39 20 329 399 405 106 76 293 39 59 2018
To tal
405
76
329
Total 400 / 220 kV 400 / 132 kV 68540 52450 16090
59
220kV
220kV
18
19 41 19
41
Total 400 / 220 kV 400 / 132 kV 5305 3500 1805
To tal 4 0 0 / 2 2 0 kV 4 0 0 / 1 3 2 kV To tal 4 0 0 / 2 2 0 kV 4 0 0 / 1 3 2 kV
Reactances and Capacitors A d d itio n al cap acity [M V A ] 68540 [MVAR]
Total 52450 3900
400kV5305 16090 2800
3500220kV 1100
Re actan ce s an d C ap acito rs
To tal
400kV
220kV
[M V A R]
3900
2800
1100
Highlighted lines correspond to planned lines from 2008-2016.
1805
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Spanish inteconnection capacity
Interconnection capacity compared to installed capacity
FR ES =1,5% PO ES = 1,5%
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Potencia Inst. ESPAÑA = 94 604 MW MA ES = 0,6%
Limited interconnection capacity with France, security link with the European Interconnected system. In practice almost an “electrical island”.
UE 10%
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Spanish energy context The 20/20/20 European Strategy is the key driver of the Spanish energy model change 20 / 20 / 20 Strategy
The development of renewable energy 20% reduction in GHG emissions 20% of final energy coming from renewables
sources and the reduction in consumption imply a reduction in GHG emissions.
20% reduction in primary energy consumption
Renewable energy integration into the electric grid produces an improvement in the system efficiency.
7
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Installed capacity January 2011 Technology
Solar Biomass Mini-hydro CSP 0,7% 2,1% 0,7%
Cogeneration 6,2%
Solar PV 3,8%
Waste Treat. 1,3%
Hydro 17,5% Nuclear 7,8%
Wind 20,9% Coal 11,3%
Combined cycle 25,8%
Fuel-Gas 1,9%
Hydro-power
MW 16 657
17.5
Nuclear
7 .455
7.8
Coal
10.789
11.3
Fuel-Gas
1 849
1.9
Combined cycles
24.641
Total (ordinary regime)
61.391
25.9 64.3
Wind power generation
19976
20.9
Solar PV
3.634
3.8
Solar CSP
630
0.7
Biomass
684
0.7
Special regime hydro
1 965
2.1
Cogeneration
5 946
6.2
Waste treatment
1 204
1.3
Total (special regime)
33.791
35.7
Total
95.430
%
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Demand supply 2010 260.230 GWh = 189.071 Net Ordinary Regime + 90.513 Net Special Regime -4.412 Hydro-pump storage -8.338 International exchanges Solar Small Hydro 2,4% 2,40% CHP and other RES 12,8%
Hydro-power 14,0%
Special Regulation Regime Nuclear 21,6%
Wind 15,6%
Combined cycle 23,0%
Coal 7,6%
Renewable:
Non Renewable:
Minihydro
Cogeneration
Biomass
Coal
Wind
Fuel - Gas oil
Industrial waste Refinery gas
Urban waste Solar
Fuel-Gas 0,6%
Natural gas
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Present wind power capacity and evolution Installed Wind power generation evolution 1996-2010 22.000
19.976
20.000
18.390 15.873
18.000
13.908
16.000
MW
14.000
11.099
9.653
12.000 8.304
10.000
6.138
8.000
4.927
6.000
3.442 2.298
4.000 kW/km2
1.525 2.000 183
428
798
0
Installed Wind Capacity January 2011
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Renewable Energies’ Plan for Spain (August 2005): ~20,000 MW by the year 2010.
Official Network Planning for 2016 contemplates ~29,000 MW.
Renewable Energies Plan for Spain 2010-2020 ~38,000 MW. 10
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electrical interconnections with the rest of European Union.
- Development of Spain-France Interconnection with a new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line -1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercial capacity -Necessary for building the IEM -Fundamental for RES integration in Spain -(& Portugal)
11
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Current regulation: RD 661/2007. Rights and Duties
Rights
To deliver energy to the grid through the distribution company or to sell it in the market receiving regulated retribution (regulated tariff or premium)
Priority of access to the grids.
To deliver all the produced energy
Duties
To deliver energy in suitable conditions which doesn’t cause disruptions in the system. To be adhered to a generation control center. (Power Plants > 10 MW). This control center will be the intermediary and speaker with the System Operator To carry out the rule about avoiding the problem of tension holes1. It’s a condition to receive the regulated tariff or premium.
(1) Operation Procedure 12.3. This is a problem which occurred with the old wind machines.
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Economic Regime in current regulation: RD 661/2007
Possibilities
To deliver the energy to transmission or distribution network with a regulated tariff (c€kWh)
To sell the energy in the market: Retribution= Market price + premium
Regulated tariff
Fixed amount of money for all periods for each type of energy
Hydroelectric, biomass, biogas: they could have hourly discrimination.
Market : Retribution= Reference Price + Premium
Cup and Floor are established for the total amount of price+ premium
Premium is variable: Total amount to receive > Cup and > Floor.
Power Plants >50MW must go the market
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Market integration of wind energy 140 120
(€/MWh)
100 80
60 40 20 0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Marginal Market Price (€/MWh)
Wind Market Price (€/MWh)
Wind Bonus (€/MWh)
Fixed tariff price
Possibility of accessing the daily wholesale market and updating the schedules in the intra-day markets according to new production forecasts.
As for any type of generation, agents are penalized for their deviations and pay for the balancing energy needed to counteract their deviation.
Reserve bands are calculated by the TSO and paid by the final consumers. 14
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
RD 661/2007. Economic Regime
For renewable energy there is a retribution table for the first 25 year and other for after. c€/kWh
Wind Onshore Wind Offshore
Regulated Tariff
Reference Premium
7.8183
3.1273 9.0004
c€/kWh
After 25 years Wind Onshore
Limits Superior Inferior
9.0692 16.9494
7.6098
Regulated Tariff
6.5341
Wind Offshore
For photovoltaic it isn’t possible to go to the market, there is only tariffs: Fotovoltaic c€/kWh 100 kW
License for Commissioning
Deposit of a bank guarantee (for wind: 20€/kW; for Solar Thermal: 100€/kW)
Financial resources at least for 50% of the total
Purchase -or contract- at least for 50% of the equipment
Authorisation for gas access and water supply (when applicable)
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Photovoltaic updatings. RD 1578/2008
Installed power: It will be updated every year
The Register of Pre-establishment of retribution is created to enter all of the requested power plants.
A quota of installed power is established for the first year and it will be updated. First year: Facades: 267 MW Floor : 133 MW
Retribution: c€/kWh Type I Type II
RD 1578/2008 20 kW 32 All 32
RD 661/2007 =10MW units may receive instructions from the OS
High efficiency supplement (for CHP) Supplement for voltage dip ride through capabilities (maximum period 5 years, until 31/12/2013) For wind only.
Reactive energy supplement
If P>=10MW may receive instructions from the operator of the system.
High efficiency supplement (for CHP)
Supplement for voltage dip ride through capabilities (maximum period 5 years, until 31/12/2013) For wind only. 24
Economic framework (II)
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Art 24.1.a: Sell through distributor or transport grid
Art 24.1.b: Sell in the electricity energy production market
Directly or through a representative or trader
Directly or through a representative or trader
Cost of deviations
Cost of deviations
If have the duty to have hourly measuring equipment: As established in PO 14.4
If not: exempt
Participation in the system adjustment services
Mandatory ones: Such as “Technical constraint management”
As established in PO 14.4
Participation in the system adjustment services
Mandatory ones: Such as “Technical constraint management”
Manageable installations may participate in optional services (subject to prior authorization by the administration and technical authorization by the SO)
25
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Challenges The current high penetration of RES must be significantly increased due to ambitious national objectives (2020: 20% of Efinal ≈ 40% Eelectric) 19.975 MW*
38.000 MW**
> 3.500 MW*
630 MW*
5.079 MW**
8.367 MW**
Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation: • Market/Regulatory changes Location far from load and sometimes grid
• TSO management of new RES connections
Vulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)
(queues
Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control
dispatchable resources
* Power installed Dec 2010 ** NAP for 2020 submitted to EC in June10 (Under review)
mangement)
and
tests
for
more
•Technical Requirements (voltage dips, freq. regulation, voltage control, …)
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