REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH Utilizamos el estilo indirecto cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras exactas que ésta utilizó. • Reported statements (oraciones declarativas) • Cambios de los tiempos verbales: ESTILO DIRECTO Presente simple

ESTILO INDIRECTO Pasado simple

I train every day

He said (that) he trained every day Pasado continuo

Presente continuo

Pretérito Perfecto

He said (that) he was having a shower Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

We haven't seen it yet Pasado simple

They said they hadn't met her Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

I met her at 3 Imperativo

He said he had met her at 3 Infinitivo

Be quiet

He told us to be quiet

I'm having a shower

• Cambios de los verbos modales: ESTILO DIRECTO Can

ESTILO INDIRECTO Could

I can't swim

He said (that) he couldn't swim. Would

Will

Must / have (got)

He said (that) he would send us a postcard. Had to

You must study more May

He said (that) we had study more Might

I'll send you a postcard

It may be true He said (that) it might be true Los otros verbos modales no cambian. • El verbo introductor en los estilos directo e indirecto suele ser say . En el estilo directo, cuando el verbo va sseguido de un objeto de persona, podemos emplear say to, o bien tell. Ejemplo: 1

`I'm hungry', he said to me `I'm working tonight', he told me. Sin embargo en el estilo indirecto , sólo se utilizaría told. • Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos de primera persona cambian a tercera persona. Ej: He said `I can't find my keys'. He said (that) he couldn't find his keys • El pronombre you cambia a I. Ej: He said `You look tired' He said I looked tired. Nota: He said, `You look tired, Jane'. − He told Jane she looked tired • Otras expresiones que cambian: ESTILO DIRECTO THIS HERE TODAY YESTERDAY TOMORROW TONIGHT TOMORROW MORNING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON NEXT WEEK/MONTH/YEAR LAST WEEK/MONTH/YEAR A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR AGO

ESTILO INDIRECTO THAT THERE THAT DAY THE DAY BEFORE THE NEXT DAY/THE FOLLOWING DAY THAT NIGHT THE FOLLOWING MORNING THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON THE FOLLOWING WEEK/MONTH/YEAR THE PREVIOUS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR BEFORE

b)Reported questions (Oraciones interrogativas) ASK KNOW (NOT) KNOW WANT WONDER Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que los de las oraciones declarativas indirectas Nota: El orden de las palabras de la pregunta original cambia al orden de una oración declarativa. El sujeto va inmediatamente detrás del pronombre interrogativo, y el verbo, detrás del sujeto. Ejemplo: He

said

`What is her name?'

He

Asked

What her name was.

Wondered

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Wanted to know Didn't know Las Yes/no questions van introducidas por las conjunciones if o whether. Ejemplo: He said, `Can I use your pen?' He asked me if / whether he could use my pen. b)Reporting verbs (Verbos introductores del estilo indirecto) • Oración introducida por that:

Say − tell (+ objeto) − explain − suggest − insist − promise − warn − admit − agree − remind claim − complain − reply Ejemplos: He promised that he would paint the house the followin week. She suggested we should stay at home. She told me that she would arrive late • Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo:

Ask − tell − order − advise − warn − invite Ejemplos: They asked us to stay longer. She warned me to be careful • Verbo acabado en −ing.

Apologise for − suggest − recommend − admit − insit on − accuse someone of Ejemplos: They acused him of robbing the bank. They admitted stealing the money. REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.− 3

Introductory verbs: the verb say may introduced commands in direct speech but it must be changed to a verb of command in reported speech, e.g.: beg, command, forbid, order, tell, know, ask... + personal object without preposition. Indirect commands are usually expressed by a verb of command + object without preposition + to infinitive. Negative commands are usually reported by not + to infinitive. When we turn a command into reported speech, it is necessary to change the pronouns and possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place as in the statements.

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