Section 1 PowerPoint Notes

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Objectives • Describe the outcome of the election of 1800. • Explain Jefferson’s policies as President. • Discuss the importance of Marbury v. Madison.

Jefferson Takes Office

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Terms and People • Thomas Jefferson – third President of the United States, elected in 1800 • Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in the 1800 election • laissez faire – the idea that the government should not interfere in the economy • John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under President Jefferson • judicial review – the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws Jefferson Takes Office

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Set Questions: 1. What party is Jefferson affiliated with? 2. What is this party’s view regarding government?

3. What is one way Jefferson tried to reduce the power of the federal government. 4. Would Jefferson agree with some of the policies of our current government? 5. Would Jefferson support government run healthcare (Obamacare)?

Jefferson Takes Office

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How did Jefferson chart a new course for the government? In 1800, President John Adams ran for reelection against Thomas Jefferson.

Federalists supported John Adams.

Jefferson Takes Office

Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson.

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The election of 1800 was viciously contested.

Federalists threatened civil war if Jefferson were elected.

Republicans accused John Adams of creating a monarchy.

By receiving 73 electoral votes, Jefferson defeated Adams.

Jefferson Takes Office

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However, Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of votes.

Thomas Jefferson - 73 Votes

Aaron Burr - 73 Votes Jefferson The House of Representatives had to break the tie. They voted for Jefferson to be President and Burr to be Vice President.

Jefferson Takes Office

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To avoid this situation in the future, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment.

Twelfth Amendment From 1804 on, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President.

Jefferson Takes Office

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Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C., the new capital. Jefferson chose a less aristocratic ceremony. At Jefferson’s In the inauguration: past: Jefferson The President walked rode to to the the ceremony. inauguration in a fancy carriage. People did not bow. They shook People bowed Jefferson’s hand. to the President. In his inaugural address, Jefferson urged all Americans to unite. Jefferson Takes Office

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Jefferson thought of his election as the “Revolution of 1800.”

Jefferson vowed to change many of the policies of George Washington and John Adams.

His first goal was to limit the power of the federal government.

Jefferson Takes Office

He believed in the idea of laissez faire, from the French term for “let alone.”

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Jefferson created new Republican policies and kept some existing Federalist policies. Republican

Jefferson Takes Office

Federalist

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Jefferson also targeted the Sedition Act, which he had long opposed.

Many people had been convicted and fined under the act.

Jefferson ordered the fines refunded.

Others had been imprisoned.

Jefferson released the prisoners.

Jefferson Takes Office

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One Federalist who did not keep his job was Judge William Marbury.

Adams had appointed Marbury and other judges in his last hours as President.

Jefferson Takes Office

When Jefferson took office, he ordered Secretary of State James Madison to cease work on the appointments.

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Jefferson’s decision led to the landmark Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury sued James Madison.

Marbury cited the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Jefferson Takes Office

This act gave the Supreme Court the power to review any case against a federal official.

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In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ruled that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional.

Under the Judiciary Act, the Supreme Court’s power came from Congress.

Supreme Court Congress Constitution

Therefore, the Supreme Court’s power came from the Constitution.

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Chief Justice John Marshall used this case to establish the principle of judicial review.

This gives the Supreme Court the authority to strike down unconstitutional laws.

Unconstitutional laws

Judicial review remains one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court.

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Closing Questions: Do you agree with the overall plan that Jefferson put forth to reduce the size and influence of the federal government? Answer the question in at least 3 complete sentences. • think about how he reduced the government • think about how this affected the country

Also complete Check Your Progress Questions 1a,1b,2a,2b on page 313. Jefferson Takes Office

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