see page 229

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How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nation’s economy? 7.1 Objectives • Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s. • Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.

• Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s. 1. Turn in Black Hawk assignment, if you didn’t on Friday 2. Open text books to chapter 7 section 1 3. Get notebook ready for a few slides of notes Industry and Transportation The Cold War Begins

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

The major settlements in the U.S. originally developed along the rivers and harbors of the Atlantic coast. Water was the most efficient way to move people and goods.

Overland transportation was expensive whether by cart, wagon, sleigh, stagecoach, horse or oxen.

Industry and Transportation

Moving freight a few dozen miles by land cost as much as shipping the same items across the ocean.

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

States chartered toll roads called turnpikes.

• Profits were supposed to be used for road improvements but most roads remained in poor condition. • Few turnpikes made a profit or really improved the cost or speed of transportation. • An exception was the National Road. This route of crushed stone extended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818.

Industry and Transportation

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

Water travel was revolutionized by the steamboat. In 1807, the first practical steamboat, the Clermont, began sailing from New York City. Steamboats shortened a trip up the Mississippi from New Orleans to Louisville from months to mere days.

Industry and Transportation

Inventor Robert Fulton and his Clermont

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

Canals linked farms and cities.

N O T E S

In 1825, the 363-mile Erie Canal connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River.

Shipping costs between Buffalo and New York City plummeted from $100 to $4 per ton.

The resulting rise in commerce pushed New York City’s population to 800,000 by 1860.

Now linked to markets in the East, Midwest farmers experienced tremendous growth. Industry and Transportation

Transportation

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Industry and Transportation

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s. Major Canals, Roads, and Railroads, 1840-1850

Industry and Transportation

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

• started in Britain in the 1820s.

N O T E S

Introduction of railroads provided the most dramatic transportation growth.

• Cost less to build; faster

• The US had 13 miles of track in 1830 and 31,000 miles by 1860. • A trip from Detroit to

New York City that took 28 days in 1800 took just 2 days by train in 1857.

Industry and Transportation

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Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

Industry and Transportation

Tuesday November 26, 2013 • Turn in 7.1 Reading/Writing assignment • Answer the following in your notebook: – What city became the nation’s leading commercial center, thanks to the Erie Canal? – Why were railroads better than canals? – Which industry was the first to use machines? – Name one new invention from this section.

Cause and Effect • New ways to generate power lead to power-driven machines. • Machines replace hand tools and put industry into factories. • New machines mass-produce products. • War of 1812 turns focus on developing industries at home.

Industrial Revolution • New machines change methods of producing goods and cultivating crops. • New industry stimulates economic growth. • Distinctive regional economies develop. • Enormous social changes occur as people work outside their home.

Factory Work

Machines and Factories

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Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.

In the 1700s, British factories began using machines powered by steam or water to spin thread or weave cloth. This was the start of the Industrial Revolution. Britain tried to prohibit the export of industrial technology. In 1793, Samuel Slater, an English emigrant, built a waterpowered mill from memory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Industry and Transportation

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Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.

N O T E S

The Industrial Revolution soon transformed the American economy.

Several mills used the family system that employed parents and children who lived in a companyowned village.

Began in the In 1813, Francis textile industry. Cabot Lowell combined all of the steps to manufacture cloth in one location in Waltham, MA. Industry and Transportation

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Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.

In the 1820s, Lowell built his own factory town of Lowell, Massachusetts. He employed young single girls from area farms. Lowell girls lived in closely supervised boarding houses with strict rules. After several years, most married.

Industry and Transportation

Section

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Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.

Technology changed how people worked and lived. Work was divided into small tasks, reducing the level of skill or training needed for many jobs.

Factory owners profited because unskilled workers were more numerous and could be paid less.

Industry and Transportation

In some industries, owners profited by dividing labor even without using new machines.

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Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s.

• Rather than a skilled artisan making a single clock or musket, workers made individual components that were later assembled.

Interchangeable parts improved efficiency.

• Eli Whitney produced muskets with standardized parts. A component from one gun fit any other gun. • Elias Howe and Isaac Singer also used interchangeable parts to build sewing machines.

Industry and Transportation

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Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s.

Industry and Transportation

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Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s.

In 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse revolutionized communications with his invention the electric telegraph.

• The telegraph sent electrical pulses along metal wires. • “Morse Code” used dots and dashes to instantly send information for miles.

• By 1860, the United States had 50,000 miles of telegraph line. Industry and Transportation

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Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s.

Agriculture remained America’s chief industry but innovations made farms more productive. N O T E S

New methods

More efficient ways to plant, tend, and harvest crops and raise livestock.

New inventions

John Deere’s steel plow and Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper helped double farm productivity by 1860.

New farmland

More fertile farms in the Midwest raised production.

Industry and Transportation

Technological Developments

Image 1: Lowell girl on loom see pages 228 and 231

Image 2: turnpike toll gate see page228

TASK: pick one image and write a three paragraph essay to explain the content. Paragraph 1: describe the image – DO NOT say “I chose image 1.” I want to be able to know what image your chose based solely on your description. What are the details? What is going on? Paragraph 2: What did this mean for American in the early 1800’s? How did America change? What was improved? Paragraph 3: What did this change mean for America today? What does it mean for you, the “average American”? THIS IS A FORMAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT. Use complete sentences, proper grammar, correct spelling, and necessary vocabulary. Image 3: steam engine see page 229

Image 4: Erie Canal see page 229

Image 1: Lowell girl on loom see pages 228 and 231

Image 2: turnpike toll gate see page228

Image 3: steam engine see page 229

Image 4: Erie Canal see page 229

Image 1: Lowell girl on loom see pages 228 and 231

Image 2: turnpike toll gate see page228

TASK: pick one image and write a three paragraph essay to explain the content. Paragraph 1: describe the image – DO NOT say “I chose image 1.” I want to be able to know what image your chose based solely on your description. What are the details? What is going on? Paragraph 2: What did this mean for American in the early 1800’s? How did America change? What was improved? Paragraph 3: What did this change mean for America today? What does it mean for you, the “average American”?

Image 3: steam engine see page 229

THIS IS A FORMAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT. Use complete sentences, proper grammar, correct spelling, and necessary vocabulary.

Image 4: Erie Canal see page 229

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Industry and Transportation

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Industry and Transportation

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How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nation’s economy? New technology changed the way Americans lived and worked. Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s.

The United States was set on a course of industrialization. Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s. Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s.

Industry and Transportation