Sensory perception

Sensory Perception Vision Olfaction Hearing & mechanoreception Electroreception Magnetoreception

Senses Physical Quantity Sense Organ Sound

Ears

Water flow

Lateral line

Chemicals

Taste Buds/Nose

Electricity

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Magnetic Fields

Nose ????

Light

Eyes

Acoustico – Lateralis System •Equilibrium •Hearing •Mechanoreception

Hair sensory cells

Sensory Hair Cells

Hearing in Fishes • Fish have ears • Otoliths detect particle motion • Swimbladder can act as pressure transducer

What is Sound? • Sound is a mechanical vibration that propagates through an elastic medium such as air or water. • Sound travels as waves of oscillating particles accompanied by increases and decreases in the ambient pressure. • Sound propagates along the axis of Speaker particle vibration.

No Sound

Compression

Rarefaction

Ear Morphology

Fish hearing is generally lowfrequency

Cyprinidae

American Shad Audiogram

Ultrasonic detection by american shad. Classical Conditioning: Example of cardiac response followed by electric shock

Ultrasonic sound detection by American Shad

Auditory Brain Response

Sound Production

Swimbladder of the toadfish, Opsanus sp. Sonic muscles can be seen on the lateral walls.

Batrachoididae Oyster toadfish

Opsanus tau

Ecology of Sound Production 12000

10000

Frequency

8000

6000

4000

2000

0 18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00 23:00 Time

24:00

01:00

02:00

03:00

Sound produced by spawning aggregation of sciaenids

Lateral Line Neuromasts: groups of hair cell w/gelatinous cupule

Hydrodynamic Stimuli • Water currents from flows (rheotaxis) •Schooling/predator avoidance •Active hydrodynamic imaging •Passive hydrodynamic imaging •Courtship •Subsurface feeding

Flows produced by organisms

Lateral line shapes

Electroreception

Teleosts

High frequency AC

Elasmobranchs Teleosts

Low frecuency AC - DC

Electroreceptors

Ampullae de Lorenzini

Dogfish can detect a flounder buried 15 cm deep (1 mV/Km)

Electrical fishes

Electric Organ Discharge (EOD) • Modified muscle cells to create EOD

Brachyhypopomus spp. EOD

Magnetoreception • Elasmobranchs – Hammerhead shark schools – Laboratory experiments with rays

• Teleosts – Magnetite found in Salmon and Tuna

Magnetoreception

Induced Electric Field •Currents in ocean flowing through earth’s magnetic field generate currents from