Short Story Terms PowerPoint

January 13, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Arts & Humanities, Performing Arts, Drama
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Short Stories

Short Story Terms Short Story: A relatively brief make-believe story.

Characteristics  Usually

less than 10,000 words, but more than 500  Deals with a single event or problem  Usually focuses on one main character  Events in the story are usually told in a specific sequence or in chronological order  Has a definite beginning, middle and end

PLOT  The

collection of events that take place in a story.  Includes: Introduction Trigger Incident Rising Action Climax Resolution

Plot Graph

Climax Rising Action

Introduction

Trigger Incident

Resolution

Introduction Introduction: the beginning of the story where readers meet characters and establish the setting

Introduction: The readers are introduced to Arnold Spirit Jr.

“I was born with water on the brain” (page 1)

Trigger Incident 

Trigger Incident: the event or problem that starts the story



Trigger Incident: When Junior gets his geometry textbook and it is so old that his mother had it 30 years ago

“And let me tell you, that old, old, old, decrepit geometry book hit my heart with the force of a nuclear bomb.”(pg. 31)

Rising Action  Rising

Action: increasingly exciting and

 Rising

Action: Junior goes to Reardan, Junior

suspenseful events in the story

deals with Roger, Junior makes friends with Gordy, Junior goes to the school dance, Junior plays basketball etc.

Climax  Climax:

the most exciting and suspenseful moment in the story, near the end, a turning point for the main character



Climax: When Arnold finally wins the basketball game against Wellpinit

“We beat Wellpinit by 40 points. Absolutely destroyed them” (pg. 194).

Resolution  Resolution:

the ending in which all loose ends are tied up

 Resolution:

Rowdy and Junior make up

“I would always love Rowdy. And I would always miss him too.” (pg. 230)

Major Characters  Protagonist:

the main character in a story. He/she is often the hero, the leader, or the main cause of events. The reader identifies/sympathizes with him/her the most.

Major Characters  Antagonist:

the character who opposes or is against the protagonist/main character. The antagonist usually tries to prevent the protagonist from reaching his/her goals.



Rowdy – discourages Junior from going to a new school, knocks him out during the basketball game etc.

Minor Characters  they

interact with the Protagonist or Antagonist and reveal their characters

We can describe characters in different ways: 1. 2. 3.

How they look What they do What others say about them or how others act towards them

Conflict  1.

Person VS. Person

-

Two people/ characters fighting or in opposition

-

Ex. Junior and Rowdy fight when Junior goes to Reardan

Conflict  2.

Person VS. Self

-

One character torn between 2 decisions or is fighting against him/herself

-

Ex. Junior has to figure out his identity (white vs. indian)

Conflict  3.

Person VS. Nature

-

A character trying to survive against the elements of nature

-

Ex. Junior is sometimes unable to go to school because it is too far

Conflict  4.

Person VS. Society

-

Main character fights against an organized group or institution

-

Ex. Everyone in Wellpinit is against Junior because they feel betrayed, so when Reardan goes to Wellpinit for the basketball game, the Indians all turn their backs on Junior.

Setting  Includes

the location and the time, date or time period of the story



Ex. Wellpinit/ Reardan, Spokane. 30 years ago.

Foreshadowing  Is

a hint about what will happen later in the story

 Ex. “Yeah Dad is a drunk and Mom is an ex-drunk,



but they don’t want their kids to be drunks” (pg. 46) Junior talks about his parents and how Indians are drunks, which is an early hint to the deaths of Eugene, grandma, and his sister.

Flashback A



replayed memory set in an earlier time

Ex. Junior remembers the time when he and Rowdy climbed the tree – near the end of the novel

Point of View  First

“I”

Person: the story is told by one character, using

 Third

Person Limited: the reader sees the actions of

the characters and hears their words but not their thoughts

 Omniscient: the reader sees the thoughts and

actions of everybody

Suspense A

feeling of fear or excitement about what will happen next



Ex. Increasingly exciting when Junior’s basketball team has a rematch against his home town team.

Atmosphere/Mood

 Emotion

in a scene created by music (movie) or description (book)



Ex. Junior’s mother holds him tightly after his sister died (sadness, grief) and then she tells him never to drink and slaps him (anger, grief)

Simile  Comparison  Ex. 

using “like” or “as”

“I’m as serious as a tumor,” (51)

Junior is telling Rowdy that he is going to Reardan tomorrow and Rowdy does not believe him, so Junior uses a comparison to explain that he is positive he is going to Reardan.

Metaphor A

comparison that does not use “like” or “as”

 Ex.

“If those Andruss brothers had punched a hole in the aquarium of my skull, I might have flooded out the entire powwow,” (21)



After the Andruss brothers beat on Junior Rowdy makes sure that Junior did not get hit on his head because he has with hydrocephalus. Junior is creating a picture of what would happen if the water on his brain was drained out.

Personification

 Giving

something inanimate (not alive) human or animal characteristics

 Ex.

“Poverty only teaches you how to be poor,” (pg.13)

Imagery

 Using

the senses of touch, taste, sight, sound and smell to describe something to a reader

 



Ex. “Hell, he fought the weather. He’d throw punches at rain.” (18) Ex. “Rowdy stopped screaming with his mouth but he kept screaming with his eyes” (pg.53). Ex. “My nose bled like a firework” (pg. 53).

Symbols

 Something

solid (tangible) that represents something intangible (can’t touch it)

 

Ex. The apple (Indian on the oustide but white on the inside.) Ex. the road between Wellpinit and Reardan (Junior’s journey)

Irony  When

the opposite of what is expected happens



Ex. “Plenty of drunken Indians have killed other drunken Indians. But my grandmother had never drunk alcohol in her life!” (158)

 Dramatic

Irony: the reader or viewer knows something that a character doesn’t



Ex. The reader knows why Arnold cannot pay for Penelope at the diner after the dance but since Penelope is in the story she does not know until he tells her

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