Spanish Conquests in the Americas 20.1 pp

The Atlantic World 1492 - 1800

Ch 20.1 Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Columbus Opens the Atlantic 1492 - 1503 ►Began

the European conquest of the Americas  beginning of globalization

►By

end of his 4 journeys, Spain had colonized much of the Caribbean

Other Explorers take to the Seas

►1500:

Pedro Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal

►1501:

Amerigo Vespucci discovers that the land is a “New World”

Ferdinand Magellan’s Mission Circumnavigates the World 1519 1521

The Conquistadors ►Spanish

explorers who claimed much of the Americas for Spain

►Destroyed

the native civilizations of Central & South America

Hernán Cortés Conquers the Mighty Aztec Empire (1521) ►Used

guns, horses, & local enemies to conquer a larger force.

►King

Moctezuma II was killed & Tenochtitlan destroyed

Francisco Pizarro Conquers the Inca of Peru (1532)

►Captured

their king Atahualpa & then the capital of Cuzco.

European Diseases Eradicate the Native Populations ►Without

natural immunities, Native Americans died from Smallpox, Measles, & Typhus by the millions.

►Native

population may have declined by 90% between 1500 & 1800.

Spanish kill millions through War & Slavery ►Encomienda:

labor

►Conditions ►Revolts

System of forced

led to many deaths

were common, but unsuccessful

Bartolomé de las Casas ►Jesuit

priest who wrote of the destruction of the West Indies

Effect of Spanish Conquest ►Native ►Large

population declined

Mestizo population

 mixed Spanish & Native American ►Spain ►Other

became too wealthy

Europeans became interested in American colonization