Spanish Explore

The fall of great empires and the arrive of the Conquistadors : Who are the Triangles?

 Play while students are entering  http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video s

Conquistador  Conquistador: Spanish explorers and conqueror

The Aztec  Call themselves Mexica (x makes a sh sound)  Poor nomadic people  Wander around and get kicked out of places  Become soldiers for hire  God of war Huitzilopochtli tells them to found a city of their own

Tells the Mexica to look for an eagle perched on a cactus holding a snake They find this on a small island in Lake Texcoco

Found their city there and name it Tenochtitlan

No other groups really care it’s a bad place to live

Tenochtitlan     

The Mexica begin to better their city Drain marshes Bring in irrigation Build chinampas - floating gardens Add land to their island

The Triple Alliance  Aztecs form alliance with two other citystates surrounding Lake Texcoco  Texcoco  Tlacopan  Early 1500’s - empire of 80,000 square miles, 38 provinces, 5-15 million people

Building an Empire  Aztecs use war machine to conquer  Loose political control  Demand tribute - gold, maize, cacao beans, cotton, jade  Use military as a punishment

Religion  Dominates life much like the Maya  Worship gods such as Quetzalcoatl, Huizilopochtli, Ehcatl, Xipe Totec  Gods need blood to sustain life - huge amounts of human sacrifice take place  Need to conquer more lands to get more captives for sacrifice - Flowery War  Conquered nations not happy

Xipe Totec  Our Lord the Flayed One  Very particular form of sacrifice demanded  Gets the Aztec in big trouble early in their history

Montezuma and Cortes

The Spanish Conquest  1519 - Cortes lands off eastern coast of Mexico with 550 soldiers and sailors  16 horses are there as well - first ones ever in the New World  Natives are not sure what to think - are these people gods or humans?

The Conquistadors    

Have steel swords Cannons Guns Horses

Montezuma’s Dilemma    

Montezuma is the Aztec emperor What should he do with newcomers Are they the return of Quetzalcoatl? Has to be cautious - sends gifts to them and tells them not to bother traveling to Tenochtitlan  Conquistadors continue inland - sporadic fighting occurs

 Quetzalcoatl was described to be a white skinned man with a beard  Cortez arrived during this celebration and looked like this god

Montezuma Lets Them In  He is too indecisive  Allows the conquistadors into Tenochtitlan and treats them as guests  Conquistadors are shocked by what they see - good and bad

    

Cortez shocked by the human sacrifices said to get rid of destroy all ideals Aztecs PO Cortez took Montezuma prisoner Cortez found out Aztec killed some of his troops Cortez order Montezuma to burn all the soldiers involved in the attack were burned alive

 Cortez was obsessed with the gold  Aztec had their fill of the Spanish and ran them out  Aztec started to get small pox  Spanish army reattached and conquered  80 days of a siege

Spanish Regroup    

Conquistadors escape and regroup Take refuge with Tlaxcalan allies Attack Tenochtitlan again Divide conquistadors up and have a flotilla attack all at once  Aztec are defeated

INCAS  http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/the-incacivilization-pre-columbian-southamerica.html

 http://www.history.com/shows/mankindthe-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-thestory-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas

Exploring  Spain explored from California to Florida  Juan Ponce de Leon searched

 Legend of youthful water-never found  DARN! http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20081102125950/pirates/i mages/d/d6/Juan_Ponce_de_Leon.jpg

Exploring  DeSoto: searched the Southeast for gold  He died

 Francisco Coronado: explored the southwest  Lots of native resistance

Settling New Spain  Conquistadors were bad rulers at first  Three types of settlements  Pueblos:towns; centers of trade  Presidios: forts were soldiers lived  Missions: religious settlements run by Catholic priests

Social Classes  Haciendas: Large land tracts  Given to Peninsulares

Who is going to work land?  Ecomiendas: land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Natives  Social class system

 Start of Atlantic Slave Trade http://9f1780.medialib.glogster.com/media/357a382c1179f7959ec74b2cad93b88e83ab76aa467b610834dd186df1f57797/social-

Social Classes  Peninsulares: born in Spain, highest jobs in gov & Church  Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents  Mestizos: Mixed Spanish & Indian  Labor (enslaved & Natvies)