TAV Chapter 2

TAV Chapter 2 The American Revolution Section 1 Colonies Fight for their Rights

The French and Indian War • Struggle over the Ohio River Valley • 1754, Washington • Fort Necessity

The Albany Conference • 7 colonies met w. the leaders of the Iroquois in Albany, NY in June 1754. • Iroquois controlled western NY where the French would have to go to get to the Ohio River. • Iroquois promised neutrality • Albany Plan of Union -Ben Franklin – Proposed that the colonies form a Fed. Govt.rejected

British Triumph • 1755, Gen. Edward Braddock was killed in an ambush about 7 miles from Ft. Duquesne • Washington was Braddock’s aid • 1756 fighting erupts in Europe • Fall of Quebec • 1763 Treaty of Paris signed • Britain won but was deep in debt

Proclamation of 1763 • Pontiac was still at war w. GB • Oct 1763, King George issues the proclamation • Fighting w. Pontiac ends late in 1765. • Oct 10, 1765 GB finally takes control of the land won during the French and Indian War – Thomas Sterling

Customs Reforms • 1763 George Grenville became prime minister and wanted to stop smuggling in order to collect taxes on goods being shipped • End of salutary neglect • Smugglers to be tried in Nova Scotia – John Hancock defended by John Adams

Sugar Act 1764 • Aka American Revenue Act – Sugar, molasses, and other goods

• Began the cry of, “No taxation without representation.” • Currency Act of 1764, was to curb inflation – Banned the use of paper money in the colonies

Stamp Act of 1765 • Taxed printed goods and documents • Led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty • Stamp Act Congress – Declaration of Rights and Grievances

• Boycott – Nonimportation Agreement

• Repealed in 1766

Townshend Acts • Revenue Act of 1767 • Glass, lead, and tea

Boston Massacre • March 5, 1770

Chapter 2 Section 2

THE REVOLUTION BEGINS

The Gaspee Affair • June 1772 the Gaspee ran aground

The Boston Tea Party • Dec. 17, 1773

Coercive Acts • • • •

Port Bill Massachusetts Government Act Administration of Justice Act Quartering Act – 2,000 troops – Gen. Thomas Gage as Gov. of Massachusetts

Terms • Minutemen • Loyalists-Tories • Patriots

Lexington & Concord • April 18, 1775 • 700 Redcoats march to Concord to seize rebel supplies. • Lexington Green 70 Minutemen stand in the way – 8 killed

• GB lost 99 men w. 174 wounded • Patriots lost 49 w. 46 wounded

Battle of Bunker Hill • June 17, 1775, British attacked 3 times in order to finally take the hill

Olive Branch Petition • July 1775, the Continental Congress sent a letter to King George III asking to cease the fighting. • Attacks on Montreal and Quebec convinced the King that the colonists were not really serious about reconciliation.

Common Sense • Thomas Paine • Pamphlet that identified the king as a tyrant • Many who were unsure began to side with the Patriots after reading Common Sense.

INDEPENDENCE • July 4, 1776 • Thomas Jefferson

Chapter 2 Section 3

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

Numbers • General Howe had 32,000 troops

• Washington had around 230,000 that served – No more than around 20,000 at any one time.

• Advantages/Disadvantages

Trenton / Princeton • Dec. 25, 1776 Washington leads 2,400 men across the Delaware R. in a surprise attack on Hessian soldiers. • Later they attack nearby Princeton • Retreat for the winter into the hills of New Jersey

Fall of Philadelphia • March 1777 the British set up plans to take out the Continental Congress • Howe takes Philadelphia but w.out the desired affects. • Cont. Army winters in Valley Forge, PA. -2,500 men • Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Friedrich von Steuben train Cont. Army

Saratoga • Oct. 17, 1777 British troops surrender around 5,000 troops • Led the French to enter the war on the side of the Americans

• Nathan Hale • John Paul Jones – Richard Bonhomme vs Serapis

• Francis Marion

Yorktown • April 1781, General Cornwallis marched into Virginia in an attempt to win the war before more French troops arrived • Sept 28 Yorktown surrounded • Oct 19 the British surrendered 8,000 troops

Treaty of Paris 1783 • Signed Sept. 3, 1783 • Nov. 24, the last British troops leave New York

Chapter 2 Section 4

THE WAR CHANGES AMERICAN SOCIETY

Republic • People elect others to act in their place • The people choose their representatives in Govt.