Testes

M ALE R EPRODUCTIVE S YSTEM Robert Scranton ©2009

T HE PARTS

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

T ESTES 

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Name the layers covering the testes from outer to inner 

Scrotum ____________

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Tunica Vaginalis ________________

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Tunica albuginea _________________

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Mediastinum ______________

T ESTES

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

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The tunica vaginalis is made of a ________ parietal visceral ______ serous __________ membrane . and _______

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The tunica albuginea is a ________ dense __________ __________ connective ______. tissue irregular

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Mediastinum 

Where is it found? __________________________ Posterior expansion of tunica albuginea

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What does it contain? ________ Rete testes

Identify •Mediastinum •Seminiferous tubules •Testicular Septae •Testicular Lobule •Tunica albuginea

T ESTES 

The testicular parenchyma is composed of the:

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Seminiferous tubules ___________________

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_______________ Leydig Cells

Spermatozoa Androgens (testosterone)

tubular The main functions of the testes, a compund _________ hormone production reproduction gland, are ___________& _________________.

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Germ Cells

Spermatogonia

germ cells & ___________ sertoli cells Composed of __________

Divide mitotically Spermatogonia (spermatocytogenesis)

Divide meiotically primary spermatocytes

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Germ Cells

Spermatogonia

germ cells & ___________ sertoli cells Composed of __________

1° Spermatocyte

2° Spermatocyte

Spermatids: • Post-meiotic • Haploid cells •In process of spermiogenesis

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Spermatids

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Germ Cells

Spermatogonia

germ cells & ___________ sertoli cells Composed of __________

1° Spermatocyte

2° Spermatocyte

Process of Spermiogenesis: 1. Condensation of the nucleus 2. Reduction of cytoplasm volume 3. Formation of an acrosome 4. Formation of the flagellum

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Spermatids

S EMINIFEROUS T UBULES Germ Cells

germ cells & ___________ sertoli cells Composed of __________

Spermatogonia 1° Spermatocyte Spermatozoa (male gamete)

2° Spermatocyte

Q:What is the significance of the syncytium between the germ cells from a single spermatogonium? A: These small intercellular bridges allow for the synchronization of meiotic division of these cells.

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Spermatids

Germ Cells

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe the morphology:

Leydig Cells (interstitial)

Tubular cristi and lots of smooth ER • Eosinophilic cytoplasm • lots of mitochondria • Reinke crystals

• Cytoplasmic location • increase with age • found in 50% of leydig cell tumors

Stimulated by:

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

LH

Sertoli Cells

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

The Facts- Short & Sweet Sertoli Cells

Describe the morphology: • On the outside of the seminiferous tubule • Basal end lines the basement membrane • Apical surfaces form the luminal margin • Nucleus located basally, triangular shape, prominent nucleolus

Describe the hormone interactions: • Produce mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) • Stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Describe the functions: • Blood-testis barrier • Phagocytosis • Synthesis and secretion of inhibin • Synthesis of androgen-binding protein • Aromatization of androgen to estrogen

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Starting with the seminiferous tubules, trace the ducts to the external environment

Tubili recti Rete testes Efferent ductules Epididymus Vas deferens Ejaculatory ducts

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Urethra

Describe each segment

Tubili recti

sertoli cells only

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe each segment

Tubili recti

Rete testes

• Simple Cuboidal cells • within the mediastinum

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe each segment

Tubili recti

Rete testes

Efferent ductules

• 10-12 short ducts • Simple cuboidal cells Secretory action • Columnar cells  Ciliated • thin band of circular smooth muscle on outside

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe each segment

Tubili recti Rete testes Epididymus

Efferent ductules

• Proximally Tall pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia • Distally  Short pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia • Circular smooth muscle becomes thicker • Sympathetic innervation • Spermatozoa become functionally mature • Decapacitation of spermatozoa • Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe each segment

Tubili recti Rete testes Efferent ductules Epididymus Vas deferens

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

• Short pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ stereocilia • inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers • mucosal folds • distal dilation  ampulla of vas deferens • sympathetic innervation

Describe each segment

Tubili recti Rete testes Efferent ductules Epididymus Vas deferens Ejaculatory ducts • found within the prostate gland • simple cuboidal epithelium

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Describe each segment

Tubili recti Rete testes Efferent ductules Epididymus Vas deferens Ejaculatory ducts

Urethra

• Part of reproductive and urinary system • Three sections: 1. Prostatic  Transitional epithelium 2. Membraneous  Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 3. Penile  Pseudostratified columnar epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium in the glans

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

1. Seminiferous Tubules

2. Straight Tubules

3. Rete Testes

6. Vas Deferens (20x below) 4. Efferent Ductules

5. Epididymus

7. Ejaculatory Duct (no image) 8. Urethra (no image)

Name the accessory glands

1. 2. 3. 4.

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

of the vas deferens Drain into the ampulla _________________. Lined by Pseudostratified __________ columnar ______ epithelium Epithelium secretion is _______. fructose _______, fibrinogen and composed of ______, ________. of ascorbic acid The secretion is ____% 70 the volume of ejaculate. The vesicles have a smooth muscle wall and sympathetic innervation. • Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

Central and peripheral zones AKA “periurethral”- Benign prostatic hypertrophy

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre branched tubuloalveolar glands draining Parenchyma _______________, into the Prostatic ______ ______. urethra Secretion choline citric acid and contains _____, ______, ___________. acid phosphatase liquifaction of semen. PSA- responsible for _______ Production is stimulated by sex steroids DHT (____) Stroma- __________ Fibroelastic CT + __________ smooth muscle

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

For those that got a little lost on the last slide……

BPH or ____________ Prostatic Cancer PSA implies _____

Prostatic (serum) acid phosphatase Cancer implies Prostatic ___________

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

• Paired glands secreting _____ mucus UG diaphragm • Found in the ___________ • Drain into _________________ Proximal penile urethra

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Glands of Littre

• Branched tubuloalveolar glands • Secrete lubricating mucus into penile urethra

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis

Penis 3 masses of erectile tissue covered by ____________ __ Fibroelastic CT 2 Corpora cavernosa __ __ 1 Corpus spongiosum + Glans Penis Erectile tissue = Fibrous network of trabeculae Venous sinusoids AKA lacuna Helicine arterioles

• Testes • Excretory Ducts • Accessory Glands • Penis