The Age of Napoleon

January 5, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, World History
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The Age of Napoleon W Studies Chapter 11 Section 3

Napoleon’s Rise

• Born on Corsica island; became a lieutenant in 1785 (16 yrs old) – Became Brigadier General at 24; became commander of French forces in Italy 4 yrs later • Extremely effective strategist – speed, deception & surprise

• Led force to invade Egypt (Great Britain)  failed due to GB’s navy • Returned home & took part in the coup d'état against the Directory – Set up the Consulate – new “republic” in France where Napoleon had complete control • Crowned himself Emperor in 1804

Napoleon’s Rule

• Napoleon made an agreement with the Church: Napoleon officially recognizes Catholicism as the religion of France; Pope agreed to let France keep the land it seized – Church became an ally of the consulate; French people who bought church land loved Napoleon

• Civil Code – established, written laws for French people

– Equality under the law, individual choice in careers, religious tolerance, abolishment of serfdom • Inequality of men and women

• Bureaucracy – organization that runs gov’t

– Job assignments were based on ability, not nobility or rank in the old gov’t

• France’s liberty was slowly replaced with despotism – Napoleon shut down 60 newspapers, banned books, exiled dissidents like Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael

• Criticized Napoleon & called him a tyrant

Napoleon’s Empire • Napoleon took over most of Europe – French empire = directly controlled by Napoleon; Dependent States = controlled by his relatives; Allied States = conquered by Napoleon – Napoleon encouraged the spread of Revolution ideals: legal equality, religious tolerance, economic freedom • Destroyed the old order (nobility lost their privileges)  led to democratic traditions in all of Europe

Europe’s Response • Britain survived against Napoleon & defeated his navy – Created the Continental System to prohibit Europe from trading with GB • Some of Europe still traded; GB also got goods from overseas

• Nationalism began to rise in all parts of Europe – Cultural identity of a people based on common language, traditions, and principles – Countries conquered by Napoleon resented the French and wanted to rule themselves



Fall of Napoleon Russia didn’t follow the Continental System  Napoleon invaded with 600,000

– Russia refused to fight  retreated all the way to Moscow, burning everything as they went

• “Great Retreat” back to France was devastating due to harsh winter • Only 40,000 returned

• Rest of Europe rose up against Napoleon, defeated him, reestablished a monarchy, exiled Napoleon to Elba – Snuck back into France, took control, and went to war against Europe again • Battle of Waterloo = Napoleon’s final defeat

– Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon’s army, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he died

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