The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution What was it

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution What was it?  __________________ became the new way of doing things.  Huge _______________ in machine-made products.  Before the industrial revolution, people wove textiles (cloth) by _____________.  After, machines did this and other jobs as well.  Started in __________________ and then spread to Europe and America. Why did it begin in England? 1. Extensive natural _______________ 2. Expanding _____________________ 3. Highly developed __________________ system 4. Political stability 5. Had all factors of ________________________ (land, labor, and capital) 1. Natural Resources England had extensive natural resources. 1) ________________ power and _____________ to fuel the new machines. 2) Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings 3) ________________ for inland transportation 4) Harbors from which its merchant ships set sail. 2. Expanding Economy  The expanding economy promoted ______________________ in business.  Business people _________________ in the manufacture of new inventions. 3. Banking System People were encouraged by the ___________ of bank loans to invest in new machinery and expand their operations. 4. Political Stability Parliament passed ___________that protected business and helped ________________. 5. Factors of production Britain had ALL the factors of production.  __________  Labor  __________(wealth) Textile Industry Transforms Cloth merchants boosted their profits by speeding up the process by which spinners and weavers made cloth. Inventions Flying Shuttle  The flying shuttle speedily carried threads of_________ back and forth when the weaver pulled a handle.  The flying shuttle ___________________ the work a weaver could do in a day. Spinning Jenny  James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny allowed one spinner to work ______________threads at a time.  Named after Hargreaves’ daughter. Water Frame  Used _______________ power from rapid streams to drive _________________ wheels.  Invented by Richard Arkwright. Spinning Mule  Samuel Crompton combined the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame to produce the Spinning Mule.  Made thread that was _________________, finer, and more consistent.

Power Loom  Invented by Edmund Cartwright.  Run by ______________ power Results of New Inventions  All these new inventions took spinning and weaving_____________of the _________________.  Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called ______________.  At first, these factories needed water power, so they were ___________ near ___________ and streams. Cotton is King  England’s cotton came from plantations in the ________________ South. The Cotton Gin  Removing the seeds from raw cotton by hand was _____________work.  In 1793, American inventor, Eli Whitney designed a machine to help ____________ the chore.  His cotton gin _____________________the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.  American cotton production skyrocketed from _______ million pounds in 1790 to _____ million pounds in 1810.  Consequently, ______________________ increased dramatically in the Southern U.S. Improvements in Transportation James Watt  James Watt, a mathematical instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, figured out a way to make the _________ engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less __________. Robert Fulton’s Steamboat  The _________________’s first successful trip was in 1807.  Ferried passengers up and down New York Hudson’s River.  _____________transportation improved with the creation of a network of canals  By the mid-1800s, there were _____________ miles of waterways in England. Road Transportation  John McAdam, a Scottish engineer equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for ____________.  On top, he placed a carefully smoothed layer of crushed rock.  In rainy weather, heavy wagons could travel over the new ‘____________’ roads without sinking in the mud. National Road  Construction began in 1811 and ended in 1838.  Also known as the “___________________ Road” The Railroad Locomotive  ____________-driven machinery propelled English factories in the late 1700s.  The railroad locomotive _____________ English industry after 1820. George Stephenson  George Stephenson built many _______________ locomotives for mine operators in northern England.  In 1821, Stephenson began work on the world’s first ____________________ line.  It was to run ___________ miles from Yorkshire to Stockton.  It opened in _____________ with four locomotives that Stephenson built. Railway Expansion  Entrepreneurs wanted to connect _____________________ with Manchester.  Trials were held to find the best _____________________  George Stephenson won with the Rocket.  The Rocket hauled a 13-ton load at more than 24 miles per hour, which was unheard of at that time.  The track opened in 1830 and had immediate success