The Muslim World 600-1250 - Arlington Public Schools

The Muslim World 600-1250

Roots of Islam Bedouins

in Arabia Sasanid Empire, 224-651 –Control –Zoroastrianism –Silk Road

Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad Settled

people Nomads rare, but important – caravan link

CROSSROADS OF TRADE

Muhammad Born in 570 Caravan trader In 610, revelations Qur’an (contains actual revelations of Allah)

Beliefs of Islam Five

Pillars of Islam –Faith (Allah is supreme God) –Prayer –Zakat (offerings, charity) –Fasting –Hajj (pilgrimage)

Formation of the Umma Muhammad fleas from Mecca to Medina with followers and establishes a community of believers– “umma”

Spread of Islam under Muhammad

Islam Spreads Caliph

(successor) Four caliphs By 750, the Muslim empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River  http://mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-

religion.html

http://mapsofwar.com/ind/imperi

al-history.html

The Four Caliphs  Abu

Bakr (632-634)  Umar (634-644)  Uthman (644-656)  Ali (656-661)

Muslim World, 1200

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Muslim Empire Splits Umayyads

caliph (Ali)

Sunni

Shi’a Sufi

succeed the fourth

Umayyad (661-750) Land Conquests

In Spain, the Umayyads held power over a society in which Islamic, Roman, German, and Jewish cultures combined to form a unique Iberian variant of Islamic civilization. Muslim Spain saw substantial urbanization; the introduction of citrus crops; a diverse, irrigated, agricultural sector; and a florescence of Muslim and Jewish intellectual activity.

Downfall of the Umayyid

Abbasids Give it a Shot

Rise and Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate

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Rise of Abbasid Caliphate  



 

Family of Abbas—an uncle of Muhammad—took over and established the Abbasid Caliphate Provided renewed religious leadership, which they combined with a style of rulership and royal ceremony derived from the Sasanids Literature and learning, including the translation of Greek texts and secular Arab poetry, thrived under the Abbasids Baghdad was a center of Abbasid culture; other areas shared in this culture to varying extents. The Abbasid period: high rate of non-Muslim subjects convert to Islam

Muslim Conquests

SHARIA

Women in the Islamic World 1. Muslim women did have rights under Islamic law • right to inherit and own property and to retain it in marriage • right to divorce, to remarry • to testify in court • go on pilgrimage HOWEVER, 2. Women were veiled and secluded as they had been previously in the Byzantine and the Sasanid empires. • Could be influential in the family, but only slave women could have a public role or appear in public before men. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8 – BIG PICTURE! Islam emerged among the nomadic pastoralists and caravan traders of Arabian peninsula  Muhammad (Arab trader from Mecca) experienced revelations that called people to submit to God’s will  Muhammad fled to Median with followers– where umma was formed  Succession troubles: Sunni and Shi’ite split 

– Caliph = office(s) or leader(s) of succession

Ch. 8– BIG PICTURE! (con’t)  Early

successor- Abu Bakr confirmed 5 Pillars  Shari’a = foundation of Islamis civilization (derived from Quran)  Women in general enjoyed relatively high status under Islamic law, though tended to live in seclusion  Urbanization and religious conversion reinforced each other and prompted the expansion of agriculture, trade, science, technology