The Russian Revolution & The Rise of Dictators

The Russian Revolution & The Rise of Dictators Events Leading to the Start of WWII

Revolution in Russia Part I

Talkin Bout a Revolution • During the early 1900s most Russians were unhappy

• Many paid very high taxes, worked long hours and were paid very little • The economy of the country was poor and the people blamed the Czar because of costly wars

Czar Nicholas II & Family 1913

The Czar is Ousted • WWI caused more hardship in Russia – Didn’t have enough factories to produce weapons – Didn’t have railroads to carry supplies

• In March of 1917 the people revolted • Demanding “bread and peace” • The Czar gave up is throne ending 300 years of his family’s rule (The Romanovs) • Czar and family are executed by Bolshevik soldiers in a firing squad

Who is Lenin? • People formed soviets or committees to represent their interests • The most radical of these soviets was the Bolsheviks or Communists • Vladimir Lenin was their leader • He promised to get Russia out of war and help improve the lives of the people

The Russian Civil War • Lenin takes power in 11/1917 & signs a treaty removing Russia from WWI • The former Czar had supporters (The Whites) they disagreed with the Communists (The Reds) • The Whites and The Reds (led by Leon Trotsky) fought for 3 years • In 1921 the Whites surrendered and the Communists controlled Russia

Bolsheviks March on Moscow

Lenin Leads the Charge

The Czar After He Steps Down

“White” Propaganda

“Red” Propaganda

The Rise of the Dictators Part II

The Rise of Fascism & Nazism • Dictators took control of Germany & Italy after WWI • Totalitarian States – political leaders totally control the way citizens live and think • Books, newspapers, arts and school were used as propaganda to influence people • New media like films and radio were also used

Mussolini Takes Power • Created Fascist Party • Promised to fix Italy’s economic crisis • His “black shirt” army used violence against opposition • In 1922 Mussolini marched on Rome and took power • Il Duce = The Leader

The Rise of Adolf Hitler • In his speeches he appealed to Germany’s fear of unemployment and anger about the end of WWI • Nazi Party – portrayed Germans as better than other people • Anti-Semitism = hatred of Jews • 1933 Hitler named Germany’s prime minister • Burned books about democracy, used secret police, took over the courts radio & newspapers, set up concentration camps & restricted women’s rights

Stalin & The Soviet Union • Lenin dies in 1924 & Stalin is named leader • Five Year Plans – aimed to fix Russian economy through industrialization • Collectivization – combined small farms into large govt owned farms • Peasants who wanted to keep their own farms were shot or jailed • Stalin caused a famine in the Ukraine as a way to control the people there • Most farmers and workers were paid poorly and suffered under Stalin’s rule

The Military Rules Japan • Japan became industrial power in 1900 • Military takes control in 1920s • Factory owners and managers grew wealthy but workers and farmers were poor • Food shortages and high prices led to food riots • Japanese military leaders felt that acquiring more land would fix their problems • 1931 Japan invades Manchuria in northern China & killed their own Prime Minister who disagreed with the invasion

Timeline Quiz Grade • Create a timeline showing the major events of the Russian Revolution and the Rise of Dictators • Use the textbook as your source • The timeline will start in 1917 and end in 1939 • Fill in the remaining dates making sure that they are all the exact same distance apart • Include a title • Include four illustrations

Include the following events • Czar Nicholas II steps down in Russia • The Bolsheviks seize the “Winter Palace” & Lenin becomes new head of government • The Russian Civil War begins • The Russian Civil War ends • Mussolini takes power • Nazi party becomes the largest in Germany • Hitler becomes prime minister

• Lenin dies & Stalin takes over • Five – year plans are introduced in Russia • Soviet Union becomes a major industrial power • Japanese military leaders take power • Japan invades manchuria