Theme 5 4th grade

Theme 5 Vocabulary 5th Grade

A Boy Called Slow Page 472 U we: OO-way Nihwa hwo: Nee-kwah HOO-who Slon-he: sloh-Hay wasicun: wahsh-EE-choo travois: a sledge used by the Plains Indians consisting of a platform supported by two long poles, the forward ends of which were fastened to a dog or horse Shoog-Ton`kah: shoong-THAN-kah Pages 474-475 raided: attacked for the purpose of taking property respect: feelings of admiration and approval reputation: what others think about the character and behavior of someone Pages 476-477 inherited: received something from an ancestor Tatan`ka lyota`ke: TAH-tah-kohn EE-yoh-tah-kay Tatan`ka Psi`ca: TAH-tah-kohn pih-SEE-chan Tatan`ka Winyu`ha Najin: TAH-tah-kohn wee-YOO-hah nah-JEEN Tatan`ka Wanji`la: TAH-tah-kohn wahn-JEE-lah Page 478 determination: the quality of being firm in carrying out one’s plans Mitakola: mee-TAH-koh-lah

Page 480 Upelo: OO-pay-loh coup stick: (Koo) a ling stick used for striking the enemy in battle Hiyu`wo: hee-yoo-WOH Page 482 Oh-hey: OH-hay triumph: great victory Hiyu`wo: hee-yoo-WHO

Draw from History

Page 488 pigments: substances used a coloring ledger: a large book used for recording facts and figures Kiowa: a group believed to have its origins in central Montana, and noted for keeping a written history in the form of pictorial calendar

Pioneer Girl Page 501 memoir: an account of the personal experiences of its author prairie: a large area of flat or rolling grassland Page 503 homestead: a farmhouse, its buildings, and the land it sits on

Page 505 discouraged: in low spirits and without hope convinced: caused to believe sod: a chink of grassy soil held together by matted roots Page 507 fertile: rich in material needed to grow healthy plants Pages 508-509 claim: a piece of land claimed by a settler immigrants: people who leave their native country to settle in another country Page 511 heifer: a young cow

Nicodemus Stales a Claim In History Page 517 livery stable: a stable that boards horses and keeps horses and carriages for hire Page 518 locusts: grasshoppers that travel in swarms and eat huge quantities of vegetation

BLACK COWBOY WILD HORSES Page 525 bluff: a high cliff or bank Page 526 stallion: an adult male horse mustangs: wild horses of the plains whose ancestors were horses brought from Spain

Page 526 continued herd: a group of animals of a single kind mares: female horses Page 529 reared: stood on two hind legs ravine: a narrow, deep valley, usually worn away by water remorse: the unhappiness that comes with wishing that one had not done something Page 535 milled: moved around in confusion skittered: moved lightly and quickly Page 538 quivering: shaking very rapidly

Home on the Range

Page 544 suffocating: preventing a person from breathing

Elena

Page 551 revolution: overthrow of a government rugged: very rough and uneven ravine: a long, deep, narrow gully; a gorge

Page 552 wounds: injuries in which the skin is broken grief: intense sorrow caused by loss mocking: ridiculing; sneering at Pages 554-555 transformed: changed in appearance notorious: well known for having a bad reputation dictator: a ruler who has complete power over a country bandit: an outlaw or robber determination: firmness or purpose; resolve urgently: in a manner that calls for immediate action seized: took possession of by force Page 557 condolences: expressions of sympathy for a death rebel: having to do with people who resist authority Pages 558-559 Villistas: Pancho Villa’s soldiers plaza: a public square or similar open area in a town or city bolts of manta: large rolls of coarse cotton cloth frantic: greatly excited by fear, anger, or pain boxcars: fully enclosed railroad cars used for carrying freight detain: to keep from going on refugees: people who, in times of trouble in their own country, flee in search of a safe place

Page 561 boardinghouse: a house where people pay for meals and lodging boarders: people who stay in a boardinghouse Page 562 daring: fearless bravery

COMING TO GOLDEN MOUNTAIN

Pages 566-567 lure: a strong attraction appealing: interesting, attractive impression: image that stays in the mind passage: the right to travel on something, especially a ship claims: pieces of land that people assert is their own extract: to take out with effort Pages568-569 inhabitants: people who live in a certain place resented: felt angry at intimidation: the process of deliberately making people afraid merchants: sellers of goods; storekeepers transcontinental: going across a continent (in this case, North America) credit: acclaim or approval banned: made unlawful hostility: the state of showing ill will toward