STRATEGIES FOR FACILITATING SPONTANEOUS COMMUNICATION WITH STUDENTS DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM.
16th International Conference on Autism, Intellectual Disability & Developmental Disabilities January 23, 2015
Presented by Vicky Roy, Ph.D. CCC-SLP and Amy Cameron, MA.CCC-SLP
OBJECTIVES Participants will: • Better understand the process that leads to prompt dependency in nonverbal, low verbal, and “response only” verbal students.
• Recognize the importance of their own communication use and the impact that it has on the communication of their students. • Learn three specific strategies to facilitate spontaneous, independent contributions during reciprocal communication with their students.
TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION THERAPY GOALS FOCUS ON: •Requesting •Labeling •Following Directions •Responding
CLINICAL PRACTICE: AREAS OF CONCERN • Prompt Dependency • Limited Spontaneous Communication • Limited Reciprocity
HOW DID WE GET HERE? • Language and Cognition are inter-related • The majority of what is SAID to many children with the label of autism is in an attempt to GET the child to respond, not to allow the child to generate their own input. • Focus on isolated, measurable goals • Imperative (Directive) Communication vs. Declarative (Experience Sharing) Communication
STATIC VS DYNAMIC Measurable
Contextually dependent
Reliable
Unclear
Logical
Grey areas
Predictable
Integrated
Rule based
Evolving
Facts
Emotional
Rules
Collaborative
ABILITIES INCLUDED IN RECIPROCAL COMMUNICATION Engagement
Inhibition
Competency
Ideation
Attention/focus
Formulation
Experience matching
Auditory processing
Curiosity
Articulation
Tolerance for breakdowns/repairing
Co-regulation
Social referencing
Co-ordination
Reading context
Collaboration
Understanding
Self Regulation
TRUE RECIPROCAL CONVERSATION • Joint attention • Mutual topic with central coherence (ability to derive overall meaning from a mass of details)
• An unspoken “agreement” on the topic with flexibility around novel ideas • Individual contributions that are unique and related and integrated with partner’s ideas • Back and forth participation, timing, monitoring, adjusting and repairing • Shifting attention based on the movement of the conversation • Ability to integrate all of the above
COMMUNICATIVE INTENT The purpose or meaning behind why people are communicating with others The “why” behind communication, language functions What kind of communicative environment are we creating? People with Special Needs, especially individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders often have limited communicative intent
More importantly, these same students are exposed to limited communicative intent (Primary purpose for communicating with a student with autism is to GET…)
WHY? As a Speaker, we expect and rely on feedback from our Listener. So much so that when we do not receive it, we will “make it easier” for the child by using Questions, Commands and Prompts. We create an “imperative environment”.
We facilitate a dependency on prompting.
RECOGNIZE YOUR INTENT Keep the goal in mind, Be aware that what you say is influencing the BRAIN Expect your job to be challenging because you might receive little feedback initially Declarative vs Imperative Getting something vs creating opportunity Directing vs Communicating/Collaborating
DIRECTIVE/IMPERATIVE COMMUNICATION Questions with definite answers Commands with actions that can be deemed “right or wrong”
Prompts or fill in the blank statements All require minimal thought and input from the Listener All have the intent of GETTING the child to respond
EXPERIENCE SHARING/DECLARATIVE COMMUNICATION Early communication functions that are non-directive are things like: Making actual choices Expressing opinions Calling for attention Noticing things Commenting
TAKE AN ASSESSMENT OF YOUR COMMUNICATION What is the child doing? What are YOU doing? How is your language impacting the child’s opportunity to grow as a reciprocal communicator How are you feeling about this interaction – check your own regulation
SYSTEMATIC OPPORTUNITIES • Must have systematic opportunities for STUDENTS to make progress as thinkers • How to think vs How to know
STRATEGY #1 Identify a time frame or a specific activity where you will practice creating thinking and sharing opportunities for your students What percentage of the child’s day can be devoted to thinking opportunities?
STRATEGY #2 Decrease the amount of talking, specifically the amount of questions and commands you use. By asking a questions and giving commands, you ONLY provide an opportunity for your students to RESPOND.
Comment, think out loud, invite, notice, share, expand, make real decisions
STRATEGY #3 SLOW DOWN Give your child time to think, organize themselves and make a contribution. Pause for a minimum of 5 seconds before scaffolding, repeating, or rephrasing. Use the “anticipatory gaze” and “pregnant pausing”
IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
THANK YOU! Amy Cameron, MS, CCC-SLP
Vicky Poston Roy, PhD, CCC-SLP
Pathways Treatment Center
Interactive Communication, LLC
Apex, NC
Baton Rouge LA, 70809
www.pathwaystreatmentcenter.org
[email protected]
www.interactivecommunicationbr.com
[email protected] [email protected]
