Translation Key Words and Expressions—Word Using 2 1

 Reading Skills

 Text Study  Notes to the Text  Words and Expressions  Idea Sharing

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 Reading for the Main Idea in a Paragraph

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Reading Skills

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Reading for The Main Idea • The main idea of a passage is the thought that is presented from the beginning to the end. • In a well-written paragraph, most of the sentences support, describe or explain the main idea. • The main idea frequently appears in the first sentence, sometimes in the middle or at the end.

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Reading Skills

1. Example from passage A (Para.7) The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointment, to say “thank you”, to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time.

Main idea: The U.S. is definitely a telephone country.

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Reading Skills

2. Exercises ① The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place. And everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.

Main idea: The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is “the honeymoon”.

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Reading Skills

② Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the “hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.

Main idea: The second stage of culture-shock, “hostility stage”, eventually occurs.

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 Question Answering

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Text Study

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Question Answering 1. Can you imagine what you will definitely encounter when studying abroad for the first time? (Para.1)

Tips:

Culture Shock

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Text Study

2. Can you find some adjectives to describe your feeling in honeymoon stage? (Para.2)

Tips: excited, marvelous, wonderful, comfortable,

happy, good, curious, excellent …

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Text Study

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3. Can you describe the emotions in hostility stage? (Para. 3~5)

Tips: • become tired of … • makes sb. feel … • everything is …, • I feel …

awful lonely indifferent homesick distressed

hostile isolated unfriendly rejected cold

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Text Study

4. What may people usually do in hostility stage? (Para.4)

People often devise some defense mechanisms to cope with the effects of culture shock, such as: pretend, acceptable, nothing, bothers • repression: ______________________________ child, forget, careless, irresponsible • regression: ______________________________

• isolation: ________________________________ not communicate, home alone cope fine alone, need no help • rejection: ________________________________

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Text Study

5. Are these mechanisms helpful? (Para.5) not helpful on the contrary, they They’re _________; can really ____ hurt people, because they may making necessary prevent people from ________________ adjustments to the new culture. ____________

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Text Study

6. What may people usually do in recovery stage? (Para.6) People often start feeling ___________ more positive and adjust to the new ______, norms ______, values beliefs traditions ______ and ________. 7. What may people feel in adjustment stage? (Para.7) Watch the video clip and then answer the question. Lead-in video clip

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Text Study

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Lead-in video

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Text Study

7. What may people feel in adjustment stage? (Para.7) People may feel _____. good The things that initially made people feel ____________, uncomfortable or _______ strange are now things people can _________. understand So people feel __________. comfortable they have adjusted to the new culture.

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 Active Expressions

 Focus Study

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Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

I. Active Expressions Pick up the active expressions in the following: 1. … …because it separates you from those things that could really help you. 2. After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. (L36) 3. You recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, … (L40) 4. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. (L50) Practice

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Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

separate … from ... • (cause things or people to) divide deal with • take action on, manage … recover from …

• return to a normal state from …

go through

• experience

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Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

Translation 1. 那男孩是在城里长大的,所以觉得很难区别杨 树和柳树。 2. 做警察五年，他已学会恰当地应付各种复杂局 面。 3. 患重感冒,通常要很长时间才能康复。 4. 在经历了这么多之后,她怎么还能这样保持微 笑？

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Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

1. Brought up in town, the boy finds it difficult to separate a poplar from a willow. 2. Being a policeman for five years, he has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations. 3. It usually takes a long time for a person to recover from a bad cold. 4. How can she keep smiling after all she’s gone through?

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

II. Focus Study 1. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. (L5) Because … (adverbial clause of cause), and traditions that … (attributive clause), you may have difficulty adjusting … (main clause).

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

Translation 因为你的观点可能会与 存在于不同国家的不同 信念、价值观念和传统 发生冲突，在适应一种 新的文化及该文化中你 不熟悉的那些部分时， 你也许会遇到困难。

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

2. …you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture…(L7) 在……（方面）有困难 have difficulty (in) doing … , have difficulty with sth. 在……（方面）没有困难 have no difficulty (in) doing …

Practice

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

Translation • 他的英语口语很糟糕，我很难听懂他。 • 他们没费多少劲就在家乡找到了出生的那幢房子。 • 那女孩好像在汉译英方面有许多困难。

Key • His oral English is very poor and I have great difficulty in understanding him. • They had no difficulty in finding the house where they had been born in their hometown. • The girl seems to have a lot of difficulty with Chinese to English translation.

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

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3. You would rather be home alone, and you don’t want to communicate with anybody. (L26) would rather do … than do … 宁愿做……不做…… would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 rather than 而不是……

other than 除了（用于否定句） Translate:

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Notes to the Text—Focus Study

Translation He’d rather lose his job than make false accounts. She, rather than you, should be responsible for it. 除非坐船，否则你到不了小岛。

Key 他宁愿失去工作，也不愿做假账。 该对此负责任的是她而不是你。 You can’t get to the island other than by boat.

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 Word Using  Matching Games

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

I. Word Using 1. clash vi. ① disagree seriously about sth.; crash

Translation • 他们在新税法上与老一辈意见相左。 • 那辆汽车砰地撞上墙壁。

Key • Their views clash on the new tax bill with the old generation. • The car clashed against the wall.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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1. clash n. ② serious disagreement；violent contact

Translation 游行示威以与警察的激烈冲突而告终。

Key The demonstration ended in a violent clash with the police.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

2. have difficulty (in) doing sth./with + n. 在 …… 方面有困难

Q&A Did you have any difficulty adjusting to university life when you were a freshman?

Reference — Well, I did have some difficulty in … — Oh, I had difficulties with …

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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3. (sth.) be familiar to sb. 对 …… 熟悉, 熟知……

Translation 他谈论其他文化仿佛比对本国的文化还熟悉。

Key He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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3. (sb.) be familiar with sth. 熟悉……

Translation Are you familiar with the rules of baseball?

Key 你熟悉棒球规则吗？

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

4. amuse vt. make sb. laugh or smile 逗…… 笑，逗乐

Translation  The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games.  我们被他那愚蠢的行为逗乐了。

Key  孩子们玩捉迷藏游戏取乐。  We were all amused at his foolish behavior.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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5. cope with vi. manage successfully

Translation 她对付困境的能力使我惊讶。

Key I was amazed at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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6. isolate vt. separate sb. / sth. from…

Translation  由于缺少公共汽车,有几个村子显得很偏僻。  Sufferers from the infectious disease are isolated.

Key  Several villages have been isolated by lack of buses.  感染到这种传染病的人被隔离起来。

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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7. reject vt. refuse to accept 拒绝；不接受

Translation 他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。

Key He rejected their invitation point-blank.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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8. favorable adj. ① helpful, suitable

Translation 这天气似乎很适合赛跑。

Key The weather seemed favorable for the race.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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8. be favorable to ② giving or showing agreement

Translation  他们赞同这项提议。  The book received a favorable review.

Key  They are favorable to the proposal.  这本书赢得了好评。

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

9. distinction n. ① special element, unique quality

Translation Jupiter has the distinction of being the largest planet.

Key 木星的特点在于它是太阳系中最大的行星。

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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9. distinction n. ② difference or contrast between one person / thing and another

Translation  蝴蝶与飞蛾有什么不同之处?  雇主用人应不分男女。

Key  What is the distinction between butterflies and moths?  Employers should hire men and women without distinction.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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10. appreciate vt. ① understand and enjoy sth.; value highly; understand sth. with sympathy

Translation  她的音乐才能无人赏识。  恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。

Key  Her talent for music was not appreciated.  I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.

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Words and Expressions—Word Using

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10. appreciate vi. ② increase in value

Translation 随着社会不断快速发展，土地将继续增值。

Key With the fast development of the society, land will continue to appreciate.

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Words and Expressions—Matching Game

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II. Matching Game g fascinating __

a. understand and enjoy

__ a appreciate

b. be of an enemy

__ d marvelous

c. think out, design

__ e clash

d. wonderful, outstanding

__ f cope with

e. disagree seriously

b be hostile to __

f. deal with … successfully

c devise __

g. interesting and attractive

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 Discussion

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Idea Sharing

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Discussion What Causes Culture Shock? Usually when a person moves to live in a foreign country, he or she may experience a period of culture shock. What in fact causes culture shock? Watch the lead-in video clips, then discuss and get a conclusion. Lead-in video clips

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Idea Sharing

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Lead-in video 1

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Idea Sharing

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Lead-in video 2

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Idea Sharing

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Lead-in video 3

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Idea Sharing

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Tips education, health, love, value, ideas, legal rights, parenting, race, morality, scientific achievements, life style …

Useful Expressions The different ways to … cause … in … The different views on … lead to … The Chinese/American way to … is The Chinese/Americans think … is

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Idea Sharing

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Conclusion Cultural differences cause culture shock.

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To Horizon To Task

The End of Section B