Unit 1
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UNIT ONE: PHILOSOPHICAL & HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM
LESSON ONE:
What did the Founding Fathers think about Constitutional Government?
TERMS:CONSTITUTION
LIMITED GOVERNMENT CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT PARLIAMENT DEMOCRACY REPUBLIC
UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION WRITTEN CONSTITUTION FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
The Student will be able to . . . Describe
the diverse features of the early American colonies and state and their populations Explain what the Founders learned about government from history and their firsthand experiences with government Describe the forms of constitutional governments Evaluate, take and defend positions on the sources that should be consulted if a new constitution for the United Sates were being written today Defend: Are the Founders’ concerns about abuse of government power still valid today?
CHARACTERISTICS OF COLONIAL AMERICA
Size
Diverse Background
Puritans to Quakers Economic Reasons (poor to rich) Different Languages (English, Dutch, French, Germany)
Social/Political Cultures
The colonies were bigger than England & Scotland More than 1,000 miles from north to south of colonies
Huge estates to family farms (slavery in every colony)
Mostly Rural/Trade people
HOW DID THE FOUNDING FATHERS LEARN ABOUT GOVERNMENT?
Greece and Rome Aristotle,
Those who govern must be wise Government should help people learn about and perform their civic and moral duties Democracies begin well, but usually end in tyranny
Hobbes and Locke Hobbes
– “State of Nature”
Live in conflict/violent. Choose to set up a state to create order out of chaos
Locke
Cicero
– “Social Contract”
Government should protect “life, liberty and estate”
100 Years of self-government Local
self-government existed with a remote authority
WHAT DID THE FOUNDERS LEARN? 1.
Government should be the servant, not the master, of the people
2.
A fundamental higher law, or CONSTITUTION should limit government
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT TO CHOOSE FROM
Every “STATE” must perform 3 functions: 1.
Deliberate about what is to be done and decide what public policy should be
2.
Perform an executive function
3.
Legislative Function: Deliberating on and Enacting Law Carry out Public Policy
Carry Out a Judicial Function
Interpretation of law are managed and applied to every day life
ARISTOTLE’S TYPES OF GOVERNMENT Rule of
Right Form
Corrupt Form
ONE
Monarchy
Tyranny
FEW
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
MANY
Polity
Democracy
(mixed constitution)
(when poor take over from the ruling group)
MIXED CONSTITUTIONS
Polybius: A mix of the types of government Rule
of One; Rule of a Few; Rule of the Many
England
The Monarchy Parliament House of Lords House of Commons
The Colonies
The Monarchy Elected Representatives
WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?
A plan that sets forth the structure and powers of government The
power of each instrument of government How the constitution can be changed
Most constitutions are written out Only
3 current democracies DO NOT have a single written out format of their government
England, Israel and New Zealand
Limited Government Restraints
on governmental powers
HIGHER LAW
The Founding Fathers saw the Constitution as “Higher Law” 1. It sets forth the basic rights of citizens 2. It establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights 3. It establishes limitations on how those in government may use their power with regard to citizens’ rights and responsibilities, the distribution of resources, and the control or management of conflict 4. It can be changed only with the consent of the citizens and according to established and well-known procedures
LESSON REVIEW Get in your STUDY GROUPS Discuss and answer the “Reviewing and Using the Lesson” questions on page 10 Each group must be ready to present the answer to a specific question, citing the book, to the class
STUDY GROUPS Group
1ST PERIOD
One: Tanner, Ari, Mikel, Keziah Group Two: Jacob, Patricia, Joseph, Ryan Group Three: Brittney, Nadia, Nick, Rene Group Four: Danielle, Drew, Jordan, Michael Group Five: Kyle, Montoya, Katrina, Emma Group Six: Garrett, Quinn, Scott, Nathan
STUDY GROUPS: Group
4TH PERIOD
One: Mariah, Meghan, Catherine Group Two: Bridgett, Ashley, Rosamaria Group Three: Joel, Adam, David Group Four: Kori, Brett, Jeffrey Group Five: Alex, Matt, Taylor, Mercedes Group Six: Amanda, Alexis, Kristi
LESSON ONE: REVIEW
Identify at least three characteristics of the British colonies What important lessons did the founding generation learn from political theory and political history? What is the difference between “LIMITED” and “UNLIMITED” government? Do you think the difference is important? Why or Why Not? What is a “CONSTITUTION?” What is a mixed constitution? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of this type of government? Why is a constitution considered a higher law, and what are the major characteristics of a higher law? According to Aristotle, what are the differences between right and corrupt forms of government?
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