Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya

UTTAR BANGA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

PUNDIBARI, COOCHBEHAR, WEST BENGAL-736165

UBKV, COOCHBEHAR, WB 2 WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

Districtwise Agri-features and Institutional Presence of UBKV in North Bengal

WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

3

IMPORTANT FEATURES OF NORTH BENGAL • Geographical Area: 21541 sq km • Population : 1.87 crores – Rural – 86% – SC / ST population – 40% – Small and Marginal Farmers – 88%

• Soil – – – – –

Light textured, deficient in macro and micronutrient Low soil pH, high water table High humidity (Max.: 87-97%; Min: 43-65%) Rainfall – 1485 mm (Malda) to 3508mm (Jalpaiguri) Poor irrigation facility, 38% (Malda) to 16% (Coochbehar); State average: 42.8% 4

Area, Production and Productivity of Wheat in West Bengal Year

Area (‘000ha.)

Production (‘000 ton)

Productivity (kg/ha.)

2001-02

426.0

1058.6

2485

2002-03

405.4

887.4

2189

2003-04

425.7

985.7

2315

2004-05

400.1

841.5

2103

2005-06

367.0

774.0

2109

2006-07

351.0

799.0

2281

2007-08

353.0

917.0

2602

2008-09

316.0

765.0

2490

2009-10

307.0

847.0

2680

Source: Economic Review, Govt. of W.B

Major Cropping sequence - Old – Alluvial Zone •Winter rice - Fallow •Winter rice - Summer rice

•Maize - winter rice - Potato / wheat / vegetable (emerging) - Terai Zone •Winter rice - Fallow •Jute / Maize – winter rice – Potato / vegetable

Intervening Areas for Wheat Area expansion - Old – Alluvial Zone •Replacement of summer rice by wheat •Expansion of wheat area through covering fallow and utilizing excess water from boro-paddy for supplementary use -Terai Zone  Expansion of area through covering fallow utilizing residual soil moisture  Application of supplementary irrigation at critical growth stage through decreasing potato area.

Major constraints of wheat production in West Bengal •Late transplanting of paddy after jute coupled with long duration varieties like Swarna •Late sowing of wheat - Loss / problem in harvesting due to occurrence of pre-monsoon rain - Suffering from terminal heat during panical / ripening stage - Non-availability of good late sown variety - Micronutrient deficiency such as boron cause spikelet sterility in wheat - Occurrence of foliar blight diseases like Zonate Eye Spot, Leaf Blight, Tan Spot, Spot Blotch

Spikelet sterility

Preharvest sprouting

Foliar blight

BASED ON AUDPC 2 ENTRY No.

CROSS NAMES

6746 ELVIRA//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA

AUDPC1 AUDPC2

83.33

148.15

6702 TILHI/4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/3/CMH81.38/2*KAUZ

108.02

169.75

6739 PBW343/HUITES/4/YAR/AE. SQUARROSA (783)//MILAN/3/BAV92

101.85

197.53

6726 INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA//2*KRONSTAD F2004

129.63

216.05

6731 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//PF70354/MUS/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92

157.41

216.05

6742 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343

166.67

231.48

6719 WHEAR/3/PBW343/PASTOR//ATTILA/3*BCN

182.10

246.91

6729 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA TAUS)/4/WEAVER……

154.32

262.35

6749 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//PF70354/MUS/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92

185.19

287.04

6751 LOCAL CHECK

188.27

287.04

6710 CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/TROST

191.36

293.21

6738 WAXWING*2/CIRCUS

182.10

293.21

6707 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//PF70354/MUS/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92

185.19

299.38

6714 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/4/KRONSTAD F2004

216.05

302.47

Selection of stress tolerant wheat • Selection of terminal heat tolerant varieties for late (15th December) and very late (30th December) sown conditions • •

Late Sown- Francolin (4.05 t/ha), and NW 2036 (3.40 t/ha) Very Late Sown- Francolin (3.24 t/ha), and NW 2036 (2.84 t/ha)

Selection of genotypes for tolerance to Boron

Defficiency UBW 5 (BD(JAM)208-IJE-OJE-OJE……..), UBW 6 (CMSS 93Y02712T-40Y………….), UBW 7 (TNMU/3/ALD/COC/URES)

ZERO-TILLAGE WHEAT (Conservation Agriculture Approach) • • • • •

Use varieties suitable for late sowing To utilize residual soil moisture Area expansion of wheat for high ecological land use. To combat weed problem Minimize disease occurrence

Varietal Performance – HD 2733, DBW 39 (Timely Sown) – NW 2036, Francolin (Late Sown) 12 WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

Sl. Variety No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Francolin Ruby Agrim HD 2827 Sarpat DBW 17 DBW 39 DBW 38 Munal Ko 307 Raj 4120 HD 2687 HD 2985 HD 2733 PBW 621 Sonalika

Yield (t/h) ZT 5.20 3.36 2.90 3.80 3.91 3.80 5.30 3.85 4.20 4.72 3.60 3.84 3.59 5.20 4.10 3.78

CT 5.25 4.58 2.39 3.97 3.14 3.40 5.17 4.65 3.95 4.50 3.76 3.50 3.70 5.35 4.23 3.85

Foliar blight ZT CT 55 75 54 75 75 77 55 55 54 75 54 75 54 55 75 75 55 75 74 75 75 75 55 54 75 75 55 55 54 55 77 79

Weed- A major problem for NEPZ

Polygonum pensylvanicum

Polygonum persicaria

Weed pressure in wheat at Coochbehar

Polygonum hydropiper

Zero tillage had considerably reduced weed pressure, however, it caused shifting of weed flora from •Polygonum and •Stellaria media to •Hydrocotyl ranunculoides, Solanum niagrum, • New species of Polygonum (?) •Ageratum conyzoides •Stellaria acquatica

15 WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

Spot Blotch

WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

DIFFERENCE OF AUDPC BETWEEN CT AND ZT.

Zonate Eye Spot 400.00 350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 -50.00 -100.00

PBW 343

HD 2733

DBW 14

NW 2036

SONALIKA

2007-08

240.74

203.70

138.89

222.22

342.62

2008-09

185.19

-9.26

74.07

18.54

175.96

2009-10

83.33

-37.04

27.75

46.29

16 120.39

Development of system approach adopting conservation measure : - Zero tillage sowing for all the crops - Introduction of medium duration paddy varieties ( 130 days) - Direct seeded rice based on weather forecasting - Unpuddled transplanted rice – through manually / transportation - Inclusion of legume in crop rotation / mix cropping during prekharif / rabi season

- Bio-priming of seeds / application of bio-fertilizers - Crop residue management

ZT-cowpea ZT-mung With Bio-priming

Direct Seeded Rice with Brown Manuring

ZT-Maize With Residue

Our Efforts

ZT-Jute On Wheat Residue

Zt-Wheat On Rice Residue

18 WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

Problems and Opportunities 1.Soil constraints i) Widespread deficiency of micronutrients (Zn and B) ii) Low soil organic matter iii) Acidic pH iv) Sandy to sandy loam texture v) Fragmented land 2.Use of low productive varieties 3.Imbalance in nutrient management 4.Disease incidence at epidemic level 5.Aggressive growth of weeds

• Increase area under cultivation by converting fallow land into cropped area • Soil •crop residue management •green manuring through surface mulching •reduced or zero tillage •efficient utilization of nutrients (using bio-fertilizers) • Soil Health Assessment • Microbial Activity • Carbon pool assessment • Physico-chemical attributes •Disease • Study of disease dynamics • Biological management of residue •Weeds • Weed dynamics and shifting • Weed management •Varietal Development •Suited to ZT condition, •Boron deficiency tolerant 19 •Late heat tolerant