Viktor Lowenfeld & Mary Ann Stankiewicz

Viktor Lowenfeld & Mary Ann Stankiewicz Jessica Gaston

Viktor Lowenfeld 

Biographical information



Born in Linz, Austria in 1903, died at age 57 in 1960



Graduated from Kunstgewerbeschule in 1925, Vienna Academy of Fine Art in 1926, and Vienna University in 1928

Viktor Lowenfeld 

1926-1938: Taught at Hohe Warte Institution for the Blind  Left Austria in 1938 because of German invasion. Moved to United States.



Started art department at Hampton Institute



Started art education department at Penn State

Viktor Lowenfeld 

1947 – Published Creative and Mental Growth  “Free expression as necessary to the healthy growth and development of the



child.” (Efland, 235)

Provided “psychologically compatible art activities” (Efland, 235).

Viktor Lowenfeld 

1947 – Published Creative and Mental Growth



Described stages of growth in understandable terms:



Scribble Stage (2-4 years)



Preschematic (4-6 years)



Schematic (7-9 years)



Dawning Realism/Gang Age (9-11 years)



Psuedorealistic Stage (11-13 years)

Mary Ann Stankiewicz 

Still actively working in arts education research. Currently writing a book on the history of the Massachusetts College of Art.



Recognized for scholarship in art education history

Mary Ann Stankiewicz 

Positions held:

  

Professor of Art Education at Penn State



Assistant Vice President of academic affairs for Ringling School of Art and Design



Program officer with the Getty Center for Education in the Arts

President of NAEA Coordinator for art education programs at University of Maine and California State

Mary Ann Stankiewicz 

Prolific writer



Written in several art education journals as well as publishing books



Maryannstankiewicz.com/wordpress

Mary Ann Stankiewicz 

Roots of Art Education Practice published in 2001



Book sections: The Early Years of Art History in the United States; Histories of Art and Design Education: Cole to Coldstream; Art in a Democracy; Women, Art, and Education; In Their Own Words: The Development of Doctoral Study in Art Education; Contemporary Issues in Art Education; and Women Art Educators V.

References Alter-Muri, S.B. (2002). Viktor Lowenfeld revisited: a review of Lowenfeld’s preschematic, schematic, gang age stages. American Journal of Art Therapy, 40(3), 170-192. Efland, A.D. (1990). A History of art education: Intellectual and social currents in teaching the visual arts. New York: Teachers College Press. Lowenfeld, V. (1947). Creative and mental growth (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. Lowenfeld, V. (1987). Therapeutic aspects of art education. American Journal of Art Therapy, 25, 111-146. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arteducators.org/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://maryannstankiewicz.com/wordpress/