War of 1812 - Mrfarshtey.net

The Road to War: Renewed Conflict with England & France

The Embargo of 1807  When England & France resumed

war in 1803 & violated U.S. neutrality, Jefferson approved the unpopular Embargo of 1807  To enforce the embargo, Jefferson contradicted his principles of individual liberty & weak gov’t: – He mobilized the military to enforce the blockade – He declared regions of NY (near Canada) in a state of insurrection

"NeverThe did aEmbargo prisoner, released from his of 1807 chains, feel such relief as I shall on For 15 months the embargo shaking off the shackles of power.'‘—TJ

proved ineffective; Congress repealed the embargo in 1809 The embargo gained no political Jefferson’s decision to not run for concessions from France or Britain a third term meant that these But itproblems produced economic hardship, evasion of fell to his hand-picked the law, & political dissension in America successor, James Madison Congress repealed the embargo In 1808, Madison was just 3 days Jefferson leftelected office president & the Republicans maintained control of the gov’t

The Road to the War of 1812

…but England Madison eagerly  The focus of Madison’s presidency continued to seize reopened trade was foreign policy:U.S. ships with England – In 1809, the Non-Intercourse Act promised the U.S. France agreed to endwill all resume trade restrictions (but never&stopped trade with England France seizing ships or impressing sailors) once U.S. neutrality is respected – In 1810, Congress replaced this

with Macon’s Bill #2 offering exclusive trade to whichever nation 1st honored U.S. neutrality

Which region would have supported athe Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed Madison eventually gave in & Americans in the West & declaration of war the most? War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” South wanted war to gain asked Congress for a declaration Canada & Spanish of war Florida in June 1812 NE Federalists thought war withMost Britain as for a mistake: calls war centered on British they feared the U.S. could interference with U.S. trade rights. not defeat a war Rights" was a "FreeEngland Trade &&Sailors' would bankruptpopular the country battle cry

By 1810, War Hawks in Congress, led by Henry Clay (KY) & John C. Calhoun (SC), demanded war with England

The War of 1812

War The U.S. did not of fare1812 well against the better-trained British troops the Despite increased patriotism, waswas unprepared war: The U.S. U.S. navy a little morefor successful but only because the bulk of to British – Congress refused raisenavy taxes was still fighting Napoleon in Europe – The

army was small & state militias were inadequate – The government was incapable of directing a full-scale war The U.S. goal for the war was to attack British Canada & force England to respect U.S. rights

The American army under Andrew Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans (after a peace treaty was drawn up ending the war)

The War of 1812 In 1814, the British British were turned back at Plattsburg on Lake The British attacked the undefended took the offensive in a Champlain & gave up their Canadian offensive Chesapeake & burned Washington, DC 3-pronged attack & laid siege to Baltimore

Hartford Convention The War of 1812 In order to reduce southern is still going on!! Federalists opposed the war by control of Congress

not paying taxes or sending troops In order to break the Virginia In 1814, Federalists met at the presidential dynasty Hartford Convention to discuss altering the U.S. Constitution to: – Restrict Congress’ war powers – Supported a one-term president – Abolish the 3/5 clause They discussed seceding from the USA if they did not get their way

Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent did not address

U.S. neutrality but was ratified unanimously by the Senate Spain ceded Florida to the USA Effects of the war: – Ended all Indian-British alliances in western lands – Scared Spain into signing the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819 – The lack of Federalist loyalty was the fatal blow to the party

Effects of the War of 1812  Though the US might not have gained any lands

or major concessions from the war, the War of 1812 did have a number of significant effects on the young nation… – The US gained incredible respect from foreign nations for fighting the world’s greatest power, England, to two stalemates – There was an incredible growth in nationalistic feelings across the US, especially in the west – The idea that the future of the US lay in westward expansion – The death of the Federalist party